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Experimental psychology > Experimental Psychology part 2 > Flashcards

Experimental Psychology part 2 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Self report

A

When people are asked about their attitudes

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2
Q

Computerized

A

Type of sampling where participant reports via beeper, computer etc.

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3
Q

Interviewer bias

A

Lead them to specific answers

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4
Q

Respondent bias

A

Social desirability

Engage in response set (1,1, 1, etc…)

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5
Q

demand characteristics

A

talk a lot with participants and ignore others etc

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6
Q

Types of sampling

A

Probability

Non probability

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7
Q

Probability

A

Everyone has an equal chance of being chosen.

  • stratified random sampling
  • clusters
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8
Q

Non probability

A
  • haphazard (convenient sampling)
  • purposive sampling
  • quota sampling: same as stratified but without the
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9
Q

Stratified random sampling

A

Representative sampling (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior)

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10
Q

Clusters

A

states, counties, cities, districts, (prisons/school), classes ;; not individual but clusters

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11
Q

Haphazard

A

convenient sampling

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12
Q

Purposive sampling

A

The researcher chooses the sample based on who they think would be appropriate for the study

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13
Q

Quota sampling

A

Same as stratified but without the random sampling (haphazard technique)

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14
Q

Problems with wording survey

yay or nay saying -negative wording

A

yay or nay saying
negative wording
loaded question
double barrel

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15
Q

yay or nay saying

A

agree to everything or disagree

reverse questioning is used to avoid this

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16
Q

loaded question

A

ask a question with an assumption already in mind or desired answer

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17
Q

double barrel

A

ask two questions in one (ie have you ever had a stroke or a heartattack?)

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18
Q

IV, DV, Control

A

IV: Manipulate
DV: measure
Control everything else

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19
Q

Internal validity

A

IV is influencing the DV

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20
Q

External validity

A

Experiment can be generalized (run study 100x with different population, setting etc, expect similar results)

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21
Q

Why do we do random sampling?

A

to avoid confounding variables

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22
Q

Mortality

A

When people drop out of a study

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23
Q

Between subject

A

participates in one group

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24
Q

Within subject

A

(repeated measure design) each participant participates in all groups/ every condition

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25
Match pair design
When you give them a test based on characteristics then randomly assign one to condition A the other to condition B
26
Pretest/post test design
a pretest is given before the experimental manipulation; pretest=control;
27
Quasi experimental design
a type of design that approximates the control features of true experiments to infer that a given treatment did have its intended effect
28
Problems with Reserach designs
``` history effects maturation instrument decay testing regression of the mean ```
29
history effects
any outside event that is not part of the manipulation that could be responsible for the results.
30
maturation
possibility that any naturally occurring change within the individual is responsible for the results..
31
instrument decay
the possibility that a change in the characteristics of the measurement instrument, including human observers, is responsible for the results.
32
type of manipulation
staged: (confederate) deception
33
testing
the effects of taking a test on the outcomes of taking a second test.
34
regression from the mean
extreme score first time, close to the average second test
35
what are the different types of things that we are measuring
- behavior measures - self report measures - physiological measures: EKG, EEG
36
When we measure the dependent variable several ways?
Type of validity- Convergent
37
If we added a third level of our variable
Curval relationship or a monotonic function
38
mediator
Explains the relationship between two variable
39
moderator
alters relation between variables
40
in a factorial design with two IV and one DV one might see;
Main effect | Interaction effect
41
Main effect
Independent variable influences on the dependent
42
Interaction effect
differing effect on independent variable on the dependent variable depending the level of another independent variable (ie weed and alcohol)
43
Mixed factorial design
combining the features of both between and within design
44
which type of design is more likely to detect effect
repeated measure design
45
repeated measure design
getting multiple measure of every participant. each participant is their own control group
46
multiple baseline design
administer treatment in different places to see if its causes behavioral change
47
longitudinal design:
one group long period of time
48
cross sectional design
many groups short time
49
sequential design
many groups long time
50
nominal:
categorical
51
ordinal
some sort of order in place. Distances between each aren't equal
52
interval
equal distance between numbers but not portions ie weather or Liket (sp) scale
53
ratio
absolute value. has ration between numbers
54
How to measuree Nominal
Frequency and percentages
55
How to measure interval and ratio
Mean Median Mode, Standard deviation, run test
56
Pearson correlation
Strength and direction of the relationship;; how they covey with each other
57
standard deviation
avg deviation of score from the mean
58
mean
average
59
median
middle
60
mode
repeated
61
regression equation
y(what we are trying to predict)=a(constant)+b(slope)x
62
what are two main types of statistics?
descriptive statistics | inferential
63
descriptive statistics
describe our sample
64
inferential
inferring things about population. predicts outcome or attitudes
65
statistically significant differences
probability level is less than .05 | due to random error
66
two types of hypothesis
null hypothesis | theoretical hypothesis
67
null hypothesis
philisophical hypothesis. there is no difference between groups
68
type I error
when we reject null hypothesis, when there wasn’t significant differences
69
type II error
when we accept null hypothesis when there is significant differences between groups
70
when we run a t-test how many ?
2
71
Categorical
Chi square
72
Degree of Freedom
Number of participants minus number of groups

Experimental psychology (2 decks)

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