Ch7-13 Quiz

Question 0

Loaded question

Answer 0

It leads a person to a response

Question 1

Double-barreled questions

Answer 1

Asks two things at once

Question 2

Negative wording

Answer 2

May confuse individuals and result in inaccurate answers

Question 3

Yea/nay saying

Answer 3

When asking several questions there is a possibility for one to employ a response set of agree or disagree with all the questions. This leads to a person agreeing to everything that is being said.

Question 4

Closed ended questions

Answer 4

A specific number of responses are given.

Question 5

Open ended questions

Answer 5

One is free to respond in any way they want.

Question 6

What are the benefits of closed ended questions?

Answer 6

Closed ended questions are more structured and are easier to code

Question 7

What are some draw backs of open ended questions?

Answer 7

Open ended questions are harder to code and take time to categorize.

Question 8

What are the alternative ways that a person could answer a closed ended question?

Answer 8

Closed ended questions could be answered with fixed responses like “yes” or “no” and “agree” or “disagree”. However in eras each it is often preferable to use a 5-7 point scale.

Question 9

What are the different ways one could administer surveys.

Answer 9

• questionnaires
• mail surveys
• Internet
• interviews
• personal administration

Question 10

What is a potential problem with interviews?

Answer 10

One problem that could arise from interviews is interviewer bias.

Question 11

What is interviewer bias?

Answer 11

Interviewer bias occurs because the interviewer is human being who is interaction with another. Bias may occur because an interviewer might show approval or disapproval for certain responses.

Question 12

What are three methods of conduction interviews:

Answer 12

• face to face
• telephone (less expensive/ data could be quickly collected)
• focus group (questions tend to be open ended)

Question 13

Probability sampling

Answer 13

Each member if the population has a specific probability of being choose

Question 14

Nonprobability sampling

Answer 14

One doesn’t know the probability of any member of the population of being chosen

Question 15

Simple random sampling

Answer 15

Everyone has an equal probability of being chosen

Question 16

Stratified random sampling

Answer 16

When population is split up into subgroups and then random sampling is used to select individuals from the subgroups.

Question 17

How is population divided in stratified random sampling.

Answer 17

Any number of dimensions could be used to divided the population, however it had to be relevant to the research. One could divide the population based on age, gender, education level ect.

Question 18

Cluster sampling

Answer 18

When one identifies clusters of individuals and then sample from these clusters are taken.

Question 19

Haphazard sampling(convenience)

Answer 19

“Take them when you find them” obtaining participants that are close to you.

Question 20

What are three forms of non-probability sampling?

Answer 20

Convenience sampling
Purposive sampling
Quota sampling

Question 21

Purposive sampling

Answer 21

The purpose is to obtain a sample of people who meet a certain type of criteria

Question 22

Quota sampling

Answer 22

Similar to stratified sampling, however random sampling does not occur

Question 23

Confounding variable

Answer 23

Variable that varies along with the independent variable .

One doesn’t know what variable is responsible for observed response.

Question 24

Internal validity

Answer 24

When results from an experiment could be confidently attributed to the independent variable

Question 25

Pretest post test design

Answer 25

Given before before experimental manipulation to make sure that both groups are equivalent to each other. However it is not necessary to do if participants have been randomly assigned to both groups.

Question 26

What is the dropout factor in an experiment called?

Answer 26

Mortality

Question 27

Matched pairs design

Answer 27

People are assigned by matching them on particular characteristics

Question 28

Straightforward manipulation

Answer 28

When one could manipulate a variable very simply by presenting written, verbal, or visual material to the participants

Question 29

Staged manipulation

Answer 29

Here the independent variable is manipulated.

Question 30

Confederate

Answer 30

Usually used in staged manipulations. A confederate just pretends to be another participant in an experiment but is usually part of the manipulation.

Question 31

What are the types of measures

Answer 31

Self report Behavior- direct observation Physiological

Question 32

Ceiling effect

Answer 32

Independent variable has no effect on the dependent measure | Ex:Task is easy everyone does well

Question 33

Floor effect

Answer 33

When task is so difficult everyone fails

Question 34

Pilot study

Answer 34

In which one does a trial run of the experiment with a small number of participants

Question 35

Manipulation checks

Answer 35

In which one attempts to measure is the independent variable has the intended effect on the participants

Question 36

Factorial design

Answer 36

Designs with more than one independent variable

Question 37

Moderator variable

Answer 37

It influences the relationship between two other variables

Question 38

2X2 factorial design

Answer 38

It has two independent variables with two levels

Question 39

Why are more levels important in an experiment?

Answer 39

Because designs with only two levels cannot provide information on how exactly the independent and dependent variable are related.

Question 40

Independent groups

Answer 40

In a 2x2 factorial design there are four conditions and in each condition a different group would be assign to them

Question 41

Repeated measure

Answer 41

The same individuals will participate in all conditions

Question 42

Frequency distribution

Answer 42

Indicates the number of individuals that receive each possible score on a variable.

Question 43

Bar graphs

Answer 43

Use distinct and separate bar for each piece of information.

Question 44

Histogram

Answer 44

Uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable

Question 45

Frequency polygons

Answer 45

Use a line to represent frequencies. Most useful when data represent interval or ratio scales.

Question 46

Descriptive statistics

Answer 46

Allow researchers to make precise statements about the data

Question 47

Central tendency

Answer 47

Tells us what the sample as a whole or on average us like.

Question 48

What is used to measure central tendency

Answer 48

Mean Median Mode

Question 49

Correlation coefficient

Answer 49

Measures how strongly variables are related to each other

Question 50

Inferential statistics

Answer 50

Used to determine whether results based on samples could be generalized to a population

Question 51

Null hypothesis

Answer 51

Population means are equal. Observed differences is due to random error. Independent variable does not have an effect

Question 52

Research hypothesis

Answer 52

Population means are not equal. Independent variable did have an effect

Question 53

Systematic Variance

Answer 53

The deviation of the group mean from the grand mean

Question 54

Error variance

Answer 54

The deviation of the individuals scores in each group from their respective groups

Question 55

Type I error

Answer 55

When one rejects null hypothesis when it's true

Question 56

Type II error

Answer 56

When null hypothesis is accepted however research hypothesis is true.