experimental research Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is the goal of experimental research
to demonstrate cause and effect relationships
Different sets of scores are obtained from the same group of participants
within subjects design
Each set of scores is obtained from different groups of participants
between subjects design
what are the three primary techniques for limiting confounding variables
random assignment, matching groups, and holding variables constant
what is diffusion
treatment spreads to control group
what is compensatory equalisation
subject demands treatment received by other group
what is compensatory rivalry
control group changes their normal behaviour
what is resentful demoralisation
participants in control group become less productive and less motivated
changing the order in which treatment conditions
are applied from one participant to another
counterbalancing
some of the subjects who start the study will drop
out before the study is completed
participant attrition
Each individual in one group is matched one-to-one with an individual
in every other group
matched subjects design
what are the 4 basic elements of experiments
- manipulation
- measurement
- comparison
- control
a situation or environment characterized by one specific value of the
manipulated variable
treatment condition
_______ allows researchers to determine the direction of the
relationship
manipulation
Internal validity is only threatened if there is ________________
systematic variability
what is systematic variability
the levels of the confound vary alongside the levels of the IV (they move together)
Characteristics of participants in one level of the IV
are systematically different than that of participants in
the other level or levels of the IV.
selection effects
what type of random assignment “Ensure[s] equal numbers of
people in each condition,
which strict random
assignment will not guarantee.”
blocked random assignment
the treatment condition in an
experiment
experimental condition
the no-treatment condition in an
experiment
control condition
what are the two types of control conditions
no treatment control, and placebo control
______ research investigates the effectiveness of a treatment
outcome
_______ research attempts to identify the active components of the
treatment
process
the creation of conditions within an experiment that
closely duplicate the natural environment for a behavior
simulation
