explanations and types of conformity

Question 1

what is social influence

Answer 1

the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behaviour in social situations
human behaviour of influences by other people and the social context in which this occurs

Question 2

what is conformity

Answer 2

a change in beliefs or behaviour in order to be in line with a group

Question 3

what does the dual process model identify

Answer 3

two reasons or explanations of conformity
(NSI,ISI)

Question 4

what is informational social influence

Answer 4

conforming to be right
- unsure about something we may seek the opinion of others if they have more knowledge
- majority is likely to be right
- more common in unfamiliar situations
- leads to pernamant change in opinion

Question 5

what are the two explanations of conformity

Answer 5

informational social influence
normative social influence

Question 6

what is normative social influence

Answer 6

conforming to be liked
- dont want to be left out
- motivated to be liked, accepted and respected by the groups
- change is temporary and reliant on the pressure of the group (public but not private)

Question 7

what are the types of conformity

Answer 7

compliance
identification
internalisation

Question 8

what is compliance

Answer 8

individuals go along with the group to gain approval
doesnt result in change in underlying attitude only expressed in public

Question 9

what is the explanation for compliance

Answer 9

NSI

Question 10

what is identification

Answer 10

has elements of both compliance and internalisation
individual accepts the attitudes and behaviour they are adopting as true to fit in
they are conforming to a role

Question 11

what is internalisation

Answer 11

individuals go along with a group because of an acceptance of their views
aceptance both publically and privitaley
true conformiting

Question 12

what is the explanation for internalisation

Answer 12

ISI

Question 13

what type of conformity has the shallow level of processing

Answer 13

compliance

Question 14

what type of conformity has the deeper level of processing

Answer 14

internalisation

Question 15

what was aschs aim

Answer 15

explore whether people conform to a group even when they know they are wrong
advancing knowledge by discovering information about power of the majority

Question 16

what procedure did asch use

Answer 16

123 males used for a task involving which line were the same length to the target line
everyone but the pp was a confederate
the real pp was positioned either last or second to last in each experiement
two trials took place a nuetral trial and critical trial
there was 12 critical and 6 neutral trials

Question 17

what was aschs findings

Answer 17

33% was the conformity rate meaning that pps agreed with the confederates 1/3 of the time
individual differences were:
one quarter didnt conform on any trial
1/2 coformed on 6 or more trials
1 in 20 coformed on all 12 critical trials
pps made mistake on 1% of the trials
after interview pps said that privately they trust their own judgement and perception but chnged their view publically

Question 18

what was aschs conclusion

Answer 18

becuase answers where obvious shows the impact of the majority
but the majority doesnt always have the same impact on every individual (NSI)

Question 19

what is a neutral trial

Answer 19

confederates answered correctly

Question 20

what is a critical trial

Answer 20

confederates deliberatly gave the same incorret answer

Question 21

what were the variations of ashcs study

Answer 21

task difficulty
group size
breaking unanimity

Question 22

how was task difficulty measured

Answer 22

the difficulty of the task is increased the lines were made to look more similar

Question 23

what were the task difficulty findings

Answer 23

more similar the length/ increase task difficulty conformity increased as it was harder to judge the correct answer

Question 24

how was group size measured

Answer 24

the group of people was increased

Question 25

what were the group size findings

Answer 25

little conformity when there was 1-2 people but under pressure of majority conformity increased to 30% further increase didnt increase levels of coformity because pp thinks its unusual size of majority is important but only up to optimum point

Question 26

how was breaking unanimity measured

Answer 26

one confederate was instructed to give either correct or a different incorrect answer

Question 27

what were the breaking unanimity findings

Answer 27

conformity dropped from 33% to 5% explains that the pp was no longer standing alone against the group once unanimty was broken the group lost power and it was easier not to conform

Question 28

what is the Stanford prison experiment procedure

Answer 28

24 males uni students randomly assigned the role of guard or prisoner prisoners were arrested at home and stripped of clothers guards had sunglasses and uniform guards told to keep order but given no specific rules (no physical harm)

Question 29

what was the standord prison experiemnt aim

Answer 29

investigate how readilty people conform to a role of guard or prisoner in role playing exercise

Question 30

what were teh standford prison experiemnt results

Answer 30

within hours some guards harassed prisoners behaved in a brutal and sadistic manner one prisoner had to be released after uncontrollable screaming of anger others had to leave after showing emotional disorder signs that may have long lasting affects had to shut after 3 days (someone can in and said how bad it was)

Question 31

what were the strengths of zimbardos study

Answer 31

real life environement controlled observation randomised

Question 32

what were the weakness of zimbardos study

Answer 32

cultral bias / gender participant variables lab study lacks population validity cant generalise demand characteritics not conformity

Question 33

what were the ethic strengths of zimbardos study

Answer 33

checked they were emotionally stable before debrief cost benefit analysis consent didnt know how thigs would play out was approved ended when saw it was bad no deception

Question 34

what were the ethics weakness of zimbardos study

Answer 34

right to withdraw wasnt made easy protection from harm he didnt protect pps (too involved)