Exploration & Imperialism

Question 1

Expansionism

Answer 1

The actions and attitudes of a a state or country whose goal is to expand it’s power and territory

Question 2

What are the 3 main motivation for European exploration?

Answer 2

Trade (Economy)

Gold supply (Economy)

Christianity (Beliefs)

Question 3

The motivation of trade

Answer 3

Renaissance Europeans spent a lot of money on goods from the far east
the goods were very expensive because they travelled for long distances

Goods were transported to large trading centers then sold to Indian merchants

Europeans believe a that a sea route to the east would give them more control over the price of goods

Hoped to get rich by selling the goods in markets of Europe

Trade had become dangerous because of the armed conflicts/powers shifts

Europeans wanted to seek water routes to protect their exotic goods

Question 4

The motivation of gold supply

Answer 4

In the renaissance there was a shortage of currency

European needed more bullion

Coins were exchanged for goods a money but gold was more valuable than silver

European mines ran out of gold and silver so they searched in other places

Question 5

The motivation of christianity

Answer 5

Idea of spreading christianity was popular

Rulers believed they were following Jesus’ instructions by converting non-christian’s to christian’s (others had ethnocentric views)

Many people had different religions (polytheism belief in more than one god)

Question 6

What were some other explorations of exploration?

Answer 6

Fame/glory

Desire for adventure

Curiosity

Personal missions (missionaries or religious missions)

Question 7

Astrolabe

Answer 7

Used the North Star or the sun to calculate latitude

Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator

Question 8

Cross staff

Answer 8

Used to measure the altitude of the north star above the horizon on to determine angle

Question 9

Back staff

Answer 9

Used to measure the altitude of the sun to determine latitude

Question 10

Compass

Answer 10

Used for finding the direction a ship is travelling

Question 11

Caravel

Answer 11

The Portuguese developed a new type of ship (caravel)

Was able to travel on long voyages

Question 12

Imperialism

Answer 12

The extension of power over its territories including its resources and people

Question 13

How was imperialism apart of an expansionist’s worldview?

Answer 13

During the age of discovery europeans began to realize the abundant wealth that could be theirs through colonization of land

Some built so many colonies across the globe that they built empires (Britain and Spain)

Question 14

Ethnocentrism

Answer 14

The perspective that one’s culture/ religion is superior to other’s

Question 15

How does ethnocentrism relate to the Europeans?

Answer 15

Colonization is traditionally recorded by the colonizer

Colonies are referred to as new lands even though the Indigenous people had been living there for years and had a complex culture

Europeans considered anyone who did not follow their guidelines as savages or barbarians and consider themselves as civilized superiors

Question 16

What are some examples of ethnocentrism?

Answer 16

China and India civilizations were considered barbarous but are thousand of years older

Aztec and Inca people had highly developed societies but were still inferior

Europeans ways of government and ways of life were imposed on societies

Indigenous people were kicked out of the land or were forced to work

Many colonists used Indigenous people as slaves after a lot died used Africans as slaves and wiped out their civilizations

Christian’s believed they had the only true religion and converted everyone who believed otherwise (heathens)

Question 17

Heathens

Answer 17

Non believers to the christian faith

Question 18

How did disease affect the Indigenous people?

Answer 18

They were killed in large numbers when Europeans arrived to North America

They had no immunity to diseases carried by conquerors

Question 19

What were some advantages of imperialism on the Indigenous people?

Answer 19

Trade

Alliances

Culture

Technology

Question 20

What were some advantages of imperialism on the Europeans?

Answer 20

Trade

Population increase

Land

Resources

Factories

Question 21

What were some disadvantages of imperialism on the Indigenous people?

Answer 21

Diseases

Assimilation

Loss of culture/religion

Loss of people

Loss of freedom

War

Question 22

What were some disadvantages of imperialism on the Europeans?

Answer 22

War

Loss of some people