Explosive Flashcards by lei lopez

solid or liquid
substance (or a mixture of substances)
that is in itself capable by chemical
reaction of producing gas at such a
temperature and pressure and at such a
speed as to cause damage to the
surroundings

Explosive

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the discove of nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose

Before 1850

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the invention of dynamites and mercu fulminate blasting
cap

After 1850

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smokeless powder was made

1867

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Where do we employ explosive

Mining, digging, trucks and airplanes

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material that, under the influence of thermal or mechanical shock, decomposes rapidly and spontaneously with the evolution of a great deal of heat and much gas.

Explosive

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differ widely in their sensitivity and power

Explosive

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Classification of explosive

Initiating or primary explosives (detonators)
High explosives-trinitro-toluene (T.N.T)
Low explosives or propellants-colloided cellulose nitrate (smokeless powder)

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sensitive materials which can be made to explode by the application of fire or by means of a slight blow

Initiating or primary explosives

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used in primers, detonators, and percussion caps

Initiating or primary explosives

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insensitive to both mechanical shock and flame

High explosive

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explode with great violence when set off by an explosive shock such as that which would be obtained by detonating a small amount of an initiating explosive in contact with the high explosive.

High explosive

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In high and primary explosives, decomposition proceeds by means of

Detonation

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rapid chemical destruction progressing directly through the mass of the explosive

Detonation

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used as a booster between the initiating and high explosive

Tetryl

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Mode of decomposition of low explosive

Burning

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evolve large volumes of gas on combustion in a definite and controllable manner

Low explosive

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Less shattering

Low Explosive

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phenomenon that proceeds not through the body of the material but in layers parallel to the surface

Burning

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refers to all black powder having sodium or potassium nitrate as a constituent

Black blasting powder

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One which has been approved by the US Bureau of Miners or British Ministry of Fuel and Power for use in gas or dust-filled mines

Permissible explosive

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Examples of permissible explosives

Ammonium nitrate explosive
Hydrated explosive
Organic nitrate explosive
Nitro-glycerin explosive

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constitutes over 65 percent of the weight of the permissible

Ammonium nitrate explosives

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contain an excess of free water or carbon

Nitro-glycerine explosives

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Power or Brisance of an explosive may be measured by exploding a small quantity of it in a ___________

Sand bomb

a heavy-walled vessel designed to resist the explosion without being ruptured

Sand bomb

It is a nitro-cellulose produced in this manner contains about 12.6% nitrogen

Pyrocotton

Velocity of detonation is dependent on many factors including the composition of the explosive, the density at which it was loaded after firing, and the degree of confinement

False (before)

How deep is the center hole of the trauzl block?

125 mm

Mixture of strong oxidizing agents, oxidizable material and material acting as binders that alter the character of the flame with color-producing chemical

Pyrotechnics

Tetryl also is used as a booster between the initiating and low explosive

False (high)

Sensitive materials which can be made to explode by the application of fire or by means of a slight blow. It is also used in primers, detonators, and percussion caps

Initiating explosive

It contains an explosive mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter.

Black powder

Considered to be one of the most useful explosives.

Black basting powder

Sand bomb contains 200 grams of _________________.

Ottawa silica sand

Manufactured by the nitration of mixed phenolsulfonates with mixed acid.

Picric acid

What is the oldest chemical weapon known to humans

Flammable mixture

Used as a base charge in blasting caps, booster explosive in high-explosive shell, and ingredient of binary explosives

Tetryl

The finished nitro-cellulose should not be allowed to become acid in use or storage as this catalyzes its further decomposition.

True

measures the power of the explosive by measuring the ballooning of a soft lead cylinder in which the explosive is inserted and exploded.

Trauzl block test

Thought to be a combination of strength and the velocity

Brisance

determined by finding the height from which a standard weight must be allowed to fall in order to detonate the explosive

Sensitivity of explosive to impact

contains a small amount of a primary explosive or sensitive mixture

Primer

designed for armor piercing must have heavy walls and contain an explosive so insensitive to impact

Projectile

Violently decomposed at high temperature

Ammonium

2 suitable explosive for projectile

Ammonium nitrate Guanidine picrate

Special projectiles loaded with lead balls embedded in a matrix of rosin or bakelite and equipped with a time fuze

Shrapnel

stop futher decomposition

Stabilizer

nitro-cellulose produced in this manner contains about 12.6% nitrogen

Pyrocotton

Cotton nitrated to contain 13.2% nitrogen or greater

Guncotton

contains about 13.15% nitrogen and is made from a blend of pyro- and guncotton

Modern military smokeless powder

colloided nitro-cellulose containing about 1% of diphenylamine to improve its storage life and a small amount of a plasticizer

Black powder

oldest known propellant

Black powder

replace black powder for its smokelessness, superior power, and better storage characteristics

Smokeless powder

low explosives consisting of fuels that include their own oxidant or other reactants necessary to cause the planned reaction

Rocket propellant

added to the combustion chamber as liquids used in a single propellant system, seing as fuel, oxidizer, and catalyst

Liquid propellant

used in bipropellant systems

Liquid propellant

fuels and oxidizers stored in two fuel tanks and fed separately to the combustion chamber

Bipropellant

combined the fuel and oxidizer in one mixture

Monopropellant

used in large high-performance rockets for their specific impulse and low cost

LOX and LH2

a type of spacecraft that require rocket propulsion for launching

Artificial satellite

can be placed without backing devices

Explosive rivet

extremely reliable on space missions and in industrial emergency devices

Explosive thrustor

form plate heat exchangers

Explosive wilding

mixture of strong oxidizing agents, oxidizable material and material acting as binders that alter the character of the flame with color-producing chemical

Pyrotechnics

splitting of an atom into two or more smaller ones

Nuclear