export_bacterial std ii

Question 1

Treponema pallidum features

Answer 1

Gram-negative spirochete
Motile

Microaerophilic

Question 2

Spirochete structure

Answer 2

Gram-negative cytology
Flexible, peptidoglycan cell wall

Cell wall covered by an outer bilayered membrane

Question 3

T. pallidum disease

Answer 3

Syphillis

Question 4

T. pallidum diagnosis

Answer 4

Unable to observe with LM
Gram or Giemsa stain

Ab detection/serology most common method

Question 5

Five kinds of syphillis

Answer 5

Primary
Secondary

Latent

Tertiary

Congenital

Question 6

Primary syphillis

Answer 6

One or more painLESS skin lesions (chancres) at site of spirochete penetration
Inflammation

Question 7

Secondary syphillis

Answer 7

Disseminated disease
Flulike syndrome

Prominent skin lesions (including palms and soles)

Condyloma lata

Question 8

Condyloma lata

Answer 8

Raised lesions that may occur in skin folds

Question 9

Latent syphilis

Answer 9

Asymptomatic period

Transmission possible from relapsing secondary lesions

Question 10

Tertiary syphilis

Answer 10

Diffuse, chronic inflammation
Destruction of any tissue or organ

Granulomatous lesions (gummas)

Question 11

Congenital syphilis

Answer 11

Transmission from mother to fetus
Presentation is similar to secondary syphilis in adult (rhinitis, maculopapular rash, late condyloma)

Teeth and bone malformation, blindness/deafness

Question 12

Microbes that can pass from mother to fetus

Answer 12

ToRCHeS
Toxoplasma gondii

Rubella

CMV

HIV

HSV

Syphilis

Question 13

Syphilis serology

Answer 13

Nontreponemal tests
Treponemal tests

Darkfield microscopy

Question 14

Nontreponemal test for syphilis serology

Answer 14

Measures Ab against cardiolipin
Rapid plasma Reagin (RPR)

Venereal Disease Research Lab (VDRL)

Question 15

Treponemal test for syphilis serology

Answer 15

Detect Ab specific to T. pallidum
FTA-ABS

MHA-TP

Question 16

Syphilis treatment and prevention

Answer 16

Penicillin (doxycycline or azithromycin if allergic to penicillin)
Safe sex

Question 17

Most common cause of NGU

Answer 17

Chlamydia

Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum thought to contribute

Question 18

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma features

Answer 18

Smallest free-living bacteria
NO cell wall

Not stained with common methods

Pleomorphic

PM contains sterols

Extracellular

Question 19

M. genitalium

Answer 19

NGU in males/PID in females

RESIST doxycycline, but azithromycin is effective

Question 20

M. hominis

Answer 20

PID

Resists erythromycin, but doxycycline is effective

Question 21

Ureaplasma

Answer 21

Common cause of NGU in males, generally in those who are sexually active

Question 22

Ureaplasma treatment

Answer 22

Treated with doxycyline (also effective against Chlamydia)

If recurrent and doxycycline not helping, azithromycin or quinolones can be used

Question 23

Haemophilus features

Answer 23

Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacillus
Facultative anaerobe

Catalase +

Fastidious (require X factor = hemin and V factor = NAD)

Question 24

Haemophilis ducreyi symptoms

Answer 24

Tender papule that becomes painful

Inguinal lymphadenopathy

Question 25

H. ducreyi diagnosis and treatment

Answer 25

Syphilis and HIV must be excluded | Macrolide

Question 26

Klebsiella granulomatis disease

Answer 26

Donovanosis or Granuloma inguinale

Question 27

K. granulomatis features

Answer 27

Gram-negative rod, intracellular, encapsulated

Question 28

K. granulomatis symptoms

Answer 28

Wartlike primary lesions | Lesions are painless, but easily bleed

Question 29

K. granulomatis diagnosis

Answer 29

Rule out other causes | Presence of Donovan bodies

Question 30

K. granulomatis treatment

Answer 30

Prolonged use of tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin

Question 31

Painful, non-indurated lesion with Hx of recent travel

Answer 31

Chancroid

Question 32

Painless, indurated lesion, no travel Hx

Answer 32

Syphilis

Question 33

Painless, wartlike, indurated lesion that bleeds easily with Hx of recent travel

Answer 33

Donovanosis