export_foot and lower limb

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

Away from axial line of body

Question 2

Adduction

Answer 2

Toward the axial line of the body

Question 3

Bursitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of the bursa due to repetitive movement or pressure

Question 4

Claw toe

Answer 4

Hyperextension of metatarasophalangeal joint with flexion of the toe’s proximal and distal joints

Question 5

Clubfoot

Answer 5

Fixed congenital defect of the ankle and foot

Question 6

Dislocation

Answer 6

Complete separation of the contact between two bones in a joint

Question 7

Eversion

Answer 7

Outward turning, movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

Question 8

Hallux valgus

Answer 8

Lateral deviation of the great toe with overlapping of the second toe

Question 9

Inversion

Answer 9

Inward turning, movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Question 10

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Answer 10

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 11

Mallet toe

Answer 11

Flexion deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint of the foot

Question 12

Metatarsus adductus

Answer 12

Most common deformity of the foot

Marked by the middle bones of the foot pointing in toward the body

Question 13

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer 13

Common overuse injury of adolescents, causing painful swelling of the knee due to apophyseal traction of the anterior aspect of the tibial tubercle

Question 14

Pes cavus

Answer 14

High arch on the sole of the foot

Question 15

Pes planus

Answer 15

Collapsed arch of the foot

Question 16

What does it mean if the patient’s pulse is bounding (+3/4 or +4/4)

Answer 16

They have a wide pulse pressure (>60 mmHg difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)

Question 17

What can cause a wide pulse pressure?

Answer 17

FACTS
Fever

Aortic insufficiency

Complete heart block

Thyrotoxicosis

Systolic HTN

Question 18

Normal capillary fill time

Answer 18

<3 seconds

Question 19

Two types of edema

Answer 19

Non-pitting (acute)

Pitting (chronic)

Question 20

General feature of pitting edema

Answer 20

Protein-rich exudate

CHF

Question 21

General feature of non-pitting edema

Answer 21

Lack of protein in exudate

Liver or kidney problems

Question 22

Non-palpable lesions

Answer 22

Macule

Patch

Question 23

Solid, palpable lesions

Answer 23

Papule
Nodule

Tumor

Plaque

Question 24

Clear fluid filled, palpable lesion

Answer 24

Vesicle

Bulla

Question 25

Pus-filled, palpable lesion

Answer 25

Pustule | Abscess

Question 26

Causes of thick, dystrophic nails

Answer 26

TOE CLYPT Trauma Onychomycosis Eczema Circulatory problems Lichen planus Yellow nail syndrome Psoriasis Tumor

Question 27

Causes of dry skin

Answer 27

Insufficient sweat glands (diabetes) Tinea pedis Psoriasis Eczema

Question 28

Range for muscle strength

Answer 28

0/5 - no muscle movement 1/5 - tendon movement 2/5 - movement on exam table 3/5 - movement off exam table 4/5 - slightly reduced 5/5 - normal muscle strength

Question 29

What will the patient complain of if they have a disorder in the spinothalamic tract?

Answer 29

Burning or cramping

Question 30

What will the patient complain of if they have a disorder in the posterior column?

Answer 30

Pins and needles or electric shock

Question 31

What is a normal monofilament test result?

Answer 31

The patient feels 7/10 touches

Question 32

What abnormal tests would indicate a small fiber disease?

Answer 32

Touch stimuli Sharp stimuli Temperature

Question 33

What abnormal tests would indicate a large fiber disease?

Answer 33

Vibration | Proprioception

Question 34

Tendon reflex scale

Answer 34

0/4 - hypo-reflexive 2/4 - normal 4/4 - hyper-reflexive

Question 35

Nerve roots for knee reflex

Answer 35

L2-L4

Question 36

Nerve roots for ankle reflex

Answer 36

S1-S2

Question 37

What nerve roots are responsible for the plantar response?

Answer 37

L4-S2

Question 38

What is a normal plantar response?

Answer 38

Plantar flexion

Question 39

What is an abnormal plantar response?

Answer 39

Dorsiflexion (Babinski response)

Question 40

What is the "all-in-one" lower limb test?

Answer 40

Hop-in-place with each foot

Question 41

What would indicate that someone has an autonomic nervous system disorder?

Answer 41

Orthostatic hypotension | If pulse rate decreases with inspiration or increases with expiration (normal is opposite)