export_nervous system i and ii

Question 1

Praxis

Answer 1

Knowing how to use objects (cell phone, hairbrush, etc.)

Question 2

Motor examination

Answer 2

Tone and bulk of muscle
ROM

Gait

Strength of muscles

Question 3

-paresis

Answer 3

Weakness

Question 4

-plegia

Answer 4

Semi-paralysis

Question 5

-paralysis

Answer 5

Can’t move it

Question 6

Hypertonia

Answer 6

Spasticity, ridigity, and paratonia

Question 7

Cerebellar testing

Answer 7

Rapidly alternating movements
Point-to-point movements

Assessment of balance/gait

Question 8

Parkinson’s disease gait assessment

Answer 8

Forward or backward propulsion when asking them to walk

Question 9

Pronator drift

Answer 9

Have the patient hold their arms out and close their eyes

If they’ve suffered from a stroke, over time their arm will pronate and drift across their body

Question 10

Affect

Answer 10

Person’s external expression of his/her emotional state

Question 11

Afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil)

Answer 11

Continued pupillary dilation instead of constriction in the eye with a pre-chiasmic optic pathway lesion in response to shining a light in the damaged eye after first shining in the normal eye

Question 12

Agraphia

Answer 12

Loss of ability to express oneself in writing due to central lesion or macular incoordination

Question 13

Akathisia

Answer 13

Inability to sit down because the thought of doing so causes severe anxiety
Patient is constantly moving and complains of muscular quivering

Question 14

Akinesia

Answer 14

Complete or partial loss of muscle movement

Question 15

Antalgic

Answer 15

Behavior used to limit pain

Question 16

Aphasia

Answer 16

Inability to express oneself through speech or loss of verbal comprehension

Question 17

Ataxia

Answer 17

Impaired ability to coordinate muscular movement

Staggering gait and postural imbalance

Question 18

Athetosis

Answer 18

Slow, twisting, writhing movements

Larger amplitude than chorea

Question 19

Bells palsy

Answer 19

Acute paralysis or weakness of one side of the face that is temporary

Question 20

Cerebral palsy

Answer 20

General name for a large group of persisting, nonprogressive motor disorders appearing in young children and resulting from brain damage

Question 21

Chorea

Answer 21

Dance-like, involuntary, rapid movements

Can be associated with Huntington’s disease, rheumatic fever, SLE

Question 22

Clonus

Answer 22

Rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles

Question 23

Dementia

Answer 23

Irrecoverable deteriorative mental state

Loss of memory, other intellectual functions, that interfere with daily living

Question 24

Diplopia

Answer 24

Double vision caused by defective function of extraocular muscles

Question 25

Dysarthria

Answer 25

Defective articulation secondary to motor deficit involving the lips, tongue, palate, or pharynx

Question 26

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 26

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Question 27

Dysesthesia

Answer 27

Sensations, such as pins and needles or crawling

Question 28

Dyskinesia

Answer 28

Defect in voluntary motion | Extrapyramidal disorders

Question 29

Dysphasia

Answer 29

Impairment of speech resulting from brain lesions

Question 30

Dysphonia

Answer 30

Difficulty in speaking/hoarseness | Weakness of laryngeal muscles

Question 31

Dystonia

Answer 31

Impaired or disordered tonicity | Involuntary muscle spasms

Question 32

Encephalitis

Answer 32

Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

Fasciculations

Answer 33

Localized, uncoordinated twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve filament

Question 34

Fluent (Wernicke's) apahsia

Answer 34

Fluent, effortless speech Words may be malformed and incomprehensible Can hear words but can't relate them to previous experiences

Question 35

Graphesthesia

Answer 35

Ability to recognize shapes, symbols, numbers, letters, etc. traced in the skin

Question 36

Hemianopia

Answer 36

Blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes

Question 37

Hemiballismus

Answer 37

Jerking and twitching movements of one side of the body

Question 38

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 38

Progressive autoimmune disorder which causes degeneration of the myelin sheath of the brain's white matter

Question 39

Myelitis

Answer 39

Inflammation of the spinal cord or bone marrow

Question 40

Myelomeningocele

Answer 40

Congenital defect of the spine that allows spinal contents to protrude

Question 41

Myelopathy

Answer 41

Any pathological condition of the spinal cord

Question 42

Myoclonus

Answer 42

Twitching or clonic spasm of a muscle or group of muscles

Question 43

Myopathy

Answer 43

Any disease or abnormal condition of striated muscle

Question 44

Non-fluent (Broca's) aphasia

Answer 44

Cannot express oneself using language; few words with laborious effort Primarily uses nouns and verbs Word comprehension is usually adequate

Question 45

Nuchal rigidity

Answer 45

Stiff neck

Question 46

Paralysis

Answer 46

Temporary suspension or permanent loss of function

Question 47

Paresis

Answer 47

Partial or incomplete paralysis

Question 48

Paresthesia

Answer 48

Unusual sensation such as numbness, tingling, or burning

Question 49

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 49

Condition commonly seen in diabetes | Decrease in motor and sensory function

Question 50

Stereognosis

Answer 50

Ability to recognize form of solid objects by touch

Question 51

Stroke

Answer 51

Sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain

Question 52

Tremor

Answer 52

Involuntary movement of part or parts of the body resulting from alternating contractions of opposite muscles