Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IT110 > export_week 12 chapter 10 peripherals > Flashcards

export_week 12 chapter 10 peripherals Flashcards

1
Q

,

what are Peripherals?

A

Devices that are separate from the

basic computer

▪ Not the CPU, memory, or power supply

▪ Classified as input, output, and storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

,

how Peripherals connected ?

A

▪ Connect via

▪ Ports

▪ Interface to systems bus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

,

types of storage Devices ?

A

▪ Primary memory

▪ Secondary storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

,

what are the Secondary storage include?

A

▪ Data and programs must be copied to primary memory for CPU access
▪ Permanence of data - nonvolatile

▪ Direct access storage devices (DASDs)

▪ Online storage

▪ Offline storage – loaded when needed

▪ Network file storage

• File servers, web servers, database servers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

,

how is the speed measured in storage devices ?

A

Measured by access time and data

transfer rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

,

Access time:

A

average time it takes a

computer to locate data and read it

▪ millisecond = one-thousandth of a second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

,

Data transfer rate:

A

amount of data that

moves per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

,

Storage Hierarchy Diagram ?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imageutgarx-14A5F4138920F20D2A1.png

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

,

what are the Secondary Storage Devices

A
  1. Solid state memory
  2. Magnetic disks
  3. Optical disk storage
  4. Magnetic tape
  5. Network storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

,

Characteristics of Secondary Storage Devices?

A

▪ Rotation vs. Linear

▪ Direct access vs. Sequential access

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

,

what is falsh memory ?

A

▪ Nonvolatile electronic integrated circuit memory

▪ Similar to other read-only memory but uses a

different technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

,

what does Flash memory permit ?

A

▪ Permits reading and writing individual bytes or small

blocks of data

▪ Small size makes it useful in portable devices such

as USB “thumb drives”, digital cameras, cell phones,

music players

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

,

what is the Flash Memory immune to ?

A

▪ Relatively immune to physical shocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

,

what is limitations of using Flash memory?

A

▪ Generates little heat or noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

,

Disk Layouts – CAV vs. CLV

A

▪ CAV – Constant Angular Velocity

▪ Number of bits on each track is the same! Denser

towards the center.

▪ Spins the same speed for every track

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

,

Disk Layouts – CAV vs. CLV

A

▪ CLV – Constant Linear Velocity

▪ All tracks have the same physical length and

number of bits

▪ Constant speed reading data off a track

▪ Drive has to speed up when accessing close to

the center of the drive and slow down when

accessing towards the edge of the drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

,

Disk Layout – Multiple Zone Multiple zone recording

A

▪ Multiple zone recording

▪ Also known as zone bit recording (ZBR) or zone-

CAV recording (Z-CAV)

▪ Compromise between CAV and CLV

▪ Disk divided into zones

▪ Cylinders in different zones have a different

number of sectors

▪ Number of sectors in a particular zone is constant

▪ Data is buffered so the data rate to the I/O

interface is constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

,

Multiple-Zone Disk

Configuration

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imagegdh9qx-14A5F4717B3088D7225.png

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

,

types of the Magnetic Disks

A
  • Track – circle
  • Cylinder – same track on all platters
  • Block – small arc of a track
  • Sector – pie-shaped part of a platter
  • Head – reads data off the disk as disk rotates at high speed (4200-14000 RPM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

,

A Hard Disk Layout

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/image7y02qx-14A5F4854A14637D5FD.png

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

,

A Hard Disk Layout

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imagevxn7qx-14A5F48A6DA69D8AA6C.png

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

,

Average seek time: ? how to Locate a Block of Data

A

time requied to move from one track

to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

,

Latency:

A

time required for disk to

rotate to beginning of correct

sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

,

Transfer time:

A

time required to

transfer a block of data to the

disk controller buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

,

Average Seek time

A

average time to move from one track to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

,

Average Latency time

A

▪ average time to rotate to the beginning of the

sector

▪ Average Latency time = 1⁄2 * 1/rotational speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

,

Transfer time

A

1/(# of sectors * rotational speed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

,

Total Time to access a disk block

A

Avg. seek time + avg. latency time + avg. transfer time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

,

Magnetic Disks

▪ Data Block Format?

A

▪ Interblock gap

▪ Header

▪ Data▪ Interblock gap

▪ Header

▪ Data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

,

how ▪ Formatting disk ?

A

▪ Establishes the track positions, blocks and headers needed before use of the disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

,

Disk Block Formats

A

Single Data Block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

,

Header for Windows disk

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/image70lhrx-14A5F5096A667300041.png

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

,

what is Disk Arrays?

A

Grouping of multiple disks together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

,

RAID

A

Redundant Array of Inexpensive

Disks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

,

types of RAID>

A

▪ Mirrored array

▪ Striped array

▪ RAID 0 to RAID 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

,

RAID – Mirrored is ?

A

▪ Pair of disks contain the exact same stores of data

▪ Reading data – alternate blocks of data are read from

hard drives and combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

,

how is acess time is reduced inRAID – Mirrored ?

A

Access time is reduced by approximately a factor

equal to the number of disk drives in array

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

,

what is Read failure RAID mirrored ?

A

block is marked and then read from

the mirrored drive

When using three or more mirrored drives, majority logic is used in the event of a failure. Fault-tolerant computers use this technique.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

,

what is the raid striped ?

A

▪ A file segment is stored divided into blocks on

different disks

▪ Minimum of three drives needed because one

disk drive is reserved for error checking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

,

writers in RAID - Striped is ?

A

block of parity words from each block of data is created and put on the reserved error checking disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

,

what is the readers RAID - Striped?

A

parity data is used to check original

data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

,

what does RAID levels ?

A

▪ RAID 0 – not true RAID, no error checking or

redundancy, but data is placed across all

drives for increased speed

▪ RAID 1 – mirrored array

▪ RAID 2, 3, 4 – arrays that are striped in

different ways

▪ RAID 5 – error checking blocks are spread

across all drives

43
Q

,

how Optical Storage ?

A

Reflected light off a mirrored or pitted surface

44
Q

,

CD rom for the optical storage ?

A

CD-ROM

▪ 650 MB of data, approximately 550 MB after

formatting and error checking

▪ Spiral 3 miles long, containing 15 billion bits!

45
Q

,

what does CLV for optical storage do ?

A

▪ CLV – all blocks are same physical length

▪ Block – 2352 bytes

2k of data (2048 bytes)

16 bytes for header (12 start, 4 id)

288 bytes for advanced error control

46
Q

,

DVD – similar technology to CD-ROM

A

DID you know

47
Q

,

WORM

A

write-once read-many

48
Q

,

Optical Storage

types ?

A

▪ Laser strikes land: light reflected into detector

▪ Laser strikes a pit: light scattered

49
Q

,

Layout: CD-ROM vs. Standard Disk

A

CD-ROM

50
Q

,

Layout: CD-ROM vs. Standard Disk

A

Hard Disk

51
Q

,

Types of Optical Storage

A

WORM Disks

Medium-powered laser blister technology also used

for

52
Q

,

Medium-powered laser blister technology also used

for what ?

A

▪ CD-R, DVD-R, DVD-R, DVD+R

▪ CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+RAMBD-RE

53
Q

,

what are the issues for Types of Optical Storage

A

▪ File compatibility issues between the different CD,

DVD and WORM formats

54
Q

,

talk about magnetic tape ?

A
  1. Offline storage
  2. Archival purposes
  3. Disaster recovery
  4. Tape Cartridges
55
Q

,

what are Tape Cartridges

A

▪ Linear tape open format vs. helical scan tape format

56
Q

,

Displays:

Pixel

A

picture element

57
Q

,

Screen Size

A

diagonal length of screen

58
Q

,

Aspect ratio

A

X pixels to Y pixels

▪ 4:3 – older displays

▪ 16:9 – widescreen displays

59
Q

,

Pixel color is determined by ?

A

Pixel color is determined by intensity of

3 colors – Red, Green and Blue (RGB)

60
Q

,

True Color what is it ?

A

8 bits for each color

▪ 256 levels of intensity for each color

▪ 256 * 256 * 256 = 16.7 million colors

61
Q

,

what is resolution ?examples

A

Resolution

▪ Measured as either number of pixels per inch or size of an individual pixel

▪ Screen resolution examples:

768 x 1024

1440 x 900

1920 x 1080

62
Q

,

what is the Picture size calculation?

A

▪ Resolution * bits required to represent number of colors in picture

▪ Example: resolution is 100 pixels by 50 pixels, 4 bits required for a 16 color image

100 * 50 * 4 bits = 20,000 bits

63
Q

,

Video memory requirements are,,,,,,,,,

A

significant!

64
Q

,

Interlaced vs. Progressive Scan diagram ?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imagem9jzqx-14A60C6B35C39AA9222.png

65
Q

,

Diagram of Raster Screen

Generation Process

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imageqqucrx-14A60C70EE0065869CC.png

66
Q

,

Color Transformation Table

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imagen681qx-14A60C7715C29E8AB2E.png

67
Q

,

Display Example diagram ?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imagejcy0qx-14A60C7CF9A2957E1E9.png

68
Q

,

LCD – Liquid Crystal Display known as ?

A

Fluorescent light or LED panel

69
Q

,

how many colors in the LCD?

A

3 color cells per pixel

70
Q

,

Operation of the LCD

A

1 st filter polarizes light in a specific direction

▪ Electric charge rotates molecules in liquid crystal

cells proportional to the strength of colors

▪ Color filters only let through red, green, and blue

light

▪ Final filter lets through the brightness of light

proportional to the polarization twist

71
Q

,

LCDs (continued) what types of matrices ?

A

▪ Active matrix

▪ One transistor per cell

▪ More expensive

▪ Brighter picture

▪ Passive matrix

▪ One transistor per row or column

▪ Each cell is lit in succession

▪ Display is dimmer since pixels are lit less

frequently

72
Q

,

CRT Display Technology

A
  1. CRTs (similar to TVs)
  2. 3 stripes of phosphors for each color
  3. 3 separate electron guns for each color
  4. Strength of beam → brightness of color
  5. Raster scan
    * 30x per second
    * Interlaced vs. non-interlaced (progressive scan)
73
Q

,

OLED Display Technology traits ?

A

No backlight

Consists of red, green and blue LEDs

Each LED lights up individually

Very thin displays with panels less than

3mm thick!

74
Q

,

Printers comapsion between dots vs pixels ?

A

▪ Dots vs. pixels

▪ 300-2400 dpi vs. 70-100 pixels per inch

▪ Dots are on or off, pixels have intensities

75
Q

,

types of printers ?

A
  1. Typewriter / Daisy wheels – obsolete
  2. Impact printing - dot matrix – mostly obsolete
  3. Inkjet – squirts heated droplets of ink
  4. Laser printer
  5. Thermal wax transfer
  6. Dye Sublimation
76
Q

,

Creating a Gray Scale how diagram ?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imageyr50qx-14A60CE89856F80B0FC.png

77
Q

,

Laser Printer Operation

A
  1. Dots of laser light are beamed onto a drum
  2. Drum becomes electrically charged
  3. Drum passes through toner which then sticks to the electrically charged places
  4. Electrically charged paper is fed toward the drum
  5. Toner is transferred from the drum to the paper
78
Q

,

Laser Printer Operation (cont)

A
  1. The fusing system heats and melts the toner
    onto the paper
    7.A corona wire resets the electrical charge on the
    drum
79
Q

,

Laser Printer Operation

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imagewvqgrx-14A60D1DAF72B87B9F6.png

80
Q

,

Laser Printer Operation (cONT)

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imageez72qx-14A60D23E8A3FD1D530.png

81
Q

,

what other Computer Peripherals?

A
  • Scanners

▪ Flatbed, sheet-fed, hand-held

▪ Light is reflected off the sheet of paper

▪ User Input Devices

▪ Keyboard, mouse, light pens, graphics tablets

▪ Communication Devices

▪ Telephone modems

▪ Network devices

82
Q

,

Network Communication Devices is just ?

A

▪ Network is just another I/O device

▪ Network I/O controller is the network

interface card (NIC)

83
Q

,

types of networking connection

?

A

▪ Ethernet, FDDI fiber, token-ring

84
Q

,

Medium access control (MAC) protocols what does it define ?

A

Define the specific rules of communication

for the network

85
Q

,

Storage Hierarchy

A

– Performance is driven by latency and bandwidth.

– The more layers away from the CPU . . .

– . . . the higher the latency

– . . . the larger the capacity

86
Q

,

Storage Hierarchy

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/selection_193-14A60DB3ABF2FB371BE.png

87
Q

,

Storage Hierarchy 2

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/selection_193-14A60DB6F9B5D5FCC87.png

88
Q

,

Magnetic Disk Technology

– Terminology

Platter?

A

a spinning disc within a drive, made of glass or aluminum, and coated with magnetic media

89
Q

,

Magnetic Disk Technology

– Terminology Head:

A

floats above the media, reading or writing the magnetically encoded data

90
Q

,

Magnetic Disk Technology

– Terminology track?

A

a ring on a single platter

91
Q

,

Magnetic Disk Technology

– Terminology

Cylinder?

A

a track across all platters

92
Q

,

Magnetic Disk Technology

– Terminology sector?

A

a wedge shaped slice of a platter

93
Q

,

Block

in the Magnetic disk terminology

A

the intersection of a track and a sector

94
Q

,

CAV (constant angular velocity):

A

used by HDD; disk always spins at the same speed.

Problem: wastes space on the outer rings

95
Q

,

– CLV (constant linear velocity):

A

The number of bits passing under the head is

constant. Faster angular velocity at the inner tracks; slower on the outer

96
Q

,

Raid: most Disks fail why ?

A

Disks often fail because they are at least partly mechanical. RAID (redundant array of independent disks) attempts to improve redundancy and bandwidth

97
Q

,

Raid combine 3 functions?

A

– Combine three primary functions:

– Mirroring

– Striping

– Parity checks

98
Q

,

RAID 0: Striping D?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imageaqe2qx-14A60E13B8531F798C4.png

99
Q

,

RAID 1: Mirroring D?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/image4x7drx-14A60E1990236841F31.png

100
Q

,

RAID 5: Striping with distributed parity D?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imageywpbrx-14A60E1EFC62DB94602.png

101
Q

,

– RAID 10: Stripe across mirrors D?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/655/flashcards/7082655/png/imagelpzgrx-14A60E254722BA1C6BF.png

102
Q

,

what does Memory hierarchy show ?

A

Memory hierarchy shows the inverse relationship between speed and capacity

in computing systems.

103
Q

,

– Magnetic disks have several kinds of latency:?

A

seek time, rotational delay, and

transfer time.

104
Q

,

how RAID try and fix ?

A

RAID attempts to compensate for latency and failures by employing striping,

mirroring, and parity checks.

IT110 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions