External and Internal Factors affecting Attainment Flashcards
(19 cards)
Material factors are…
Barriers to learning, Costs of ‘free schooling’, Poor nutrition
, Brand bullying
Cultural factors
Knowledge + skills needed to succeed
, Parental Choice, Attitudes / values, Language / speech codes
, subcultures
Relationships in school
Labelling, self fulfilling prophecy, halo effect, ideal pupil
processes in school
streaming, anti school subcultures
Barriers to learning
Smith and Noble (no access to quiet spaces or computers etc)
costs of ‘free schooling’
David Bull (cost of pens transport etc)
Poor nutrition
Marilyn Howard (not having good food prevents your brain from working at its best)
Brand bullying
Archer
(by not having the right things it leads to social exclusion)
Knowledge + skills needed to succeed
Bourdieu
(knowledge and skills which are passed on like the ability to talk to people etc.)
Parental Choice
Sharon Gewirtz
(skilled choosers and local pickers)
Attitudes / values
Sugarman (instant and delayed gratification)
language codes
Bernstein (restricted and elaborated codes)
Labelling
Howard Becker
(A child acts in a certain way, a teacher subconsciously gives a label, this is then internalised by the child)
self fulfilling prophecy
Rosenthal + Jacobson
(Pygmalion in the classroom, those labels become true)
self negating prophecy
Mary Fuller (study of black girls who defied the expectations of their teachers due to strong role models at home)
Halo effect
Hargreaves
(once a student has a positive label they can’t be seen to do any wrong)
ideal pupil
Becker (a student who doesn’t have any issues is studious and works well)
streaming
Nell Keddie (higher status knowledge is withheld from those who aren’t seen as able thus artificially restricting outcomes through setting)
