External Brain

Question 1

Name the 3 constituents of the brainstem?

Answer 1

Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 2

Brainstem matter organisation?

Answer 2

Grey in and white out

Question 3

Medulla - develops from? continues as? emerging CNs? connected to?

Answer 3

Hindbrain Spinal cord via the foramen magnum IX, X, XI and XII Cerebellum

Question 4

Pons - develops from? connected to? emerging CNs?

Answer 4

Metencephalon Cerebellum V, VI, VII and VIII

Question 5

Midbrain - develops from? connects the? central cavity? emerging CNs? surface features?

Answer 5

Mesencephalon Connects the pons and cerebellum to forebrain via the tentorium cerebelli Cerebral aqueduct III and IV (posteriorly) Cerebral peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 6

Cerebellum - matter organisation? separating lobes? connection via?

Answer 6

Grey in and white out Vermis Peduncles

Question 7

Cerebellum - information from? function? sending info? abnormaility?

Answer 7

Info from motor intention of brain, ipsilateral proprioceptors from periphery and vestibular nuclei (posture and balance) (posture and fine motor control) Sends blueprint to cerebral cortex (via superior cerebellar peduncle) Abnormality causing ataxia (incoordination)

Question 8

Sulcus?

Answer 8

Dip

Question 9

Gyrus?

Answer 9

Elevation

Question 10

Fissure?

Answer 10

Larger dip

Question 11

Median longitudinal fissure?

Answer 11

Split the 2 hemispheres

Question 12

Corpus callosum?

Answer 12

Connect the 2 hemispheres together

Question 13

Topography of the Brain - name the 4 lobes? name the 2 sulci? name the 2 main gyri?

Answer 13

Question 14

Sagittal section of the brain - main gyrus? main fissure? main sulcus? connector?

Answer 14

Question 15

Name the 4 main lobes of the brain?

Answer 15

Frontal, Pariteal, Temporal and Occipital

Question 16

Frontal - function?

Answer 16

Motor function and intellect

Question 17

Parietal - function?

Answer 17

Somatosensory

Question 18

Occipital - function?

Answer 18

Vision

Question 19

Temporal - function?

Answer 19

Hearing and smell

Question 20

Frontal lobe - Area 4? Area 6? Area 8? Area44/45?

Answer 20

Area 4 - precentral gyrus is the Primary Motor Cortex - somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body (motor)

Area 6 - Premotor Cortex - bilateral representation

Area 8 - middle frontal gyrus - Frontal Eye Field - oluntary conjugate deviation of eyes

Area 44/45 - inferior frontal gyrus - Broca’s Area of Motor Speech

Prefrontal cortex - cognitive, function of higher intelect, judgement, prediction and planning

Question 21

Parietal lobe - Area 3/1/2? superior pariteal lobule? inferior parietal lobule?

Answer 21

Area 3/1/2 - Post-central gyrus - Primary Sensory Area - recieves general sensation from contralateral half of body (sensory)

Superior parietal lobule - intepretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of contra half of body

Inferior parietal lobule - interface between somatosensotry cortex, visual and auditory assocation area (language functions)

Question 22

Temporal lobe - Area 41/41? Auditory assocaition area? Inferior surface?

Answer 22

Area 41/42 - superior temporal gyrus - Primary Auditory Cortex - (Heschl’s convulutions)

Auditory assocations areas - dominant hemisphere (Wernicke’s area) Understanding spoken word

Inferior surface - info from olfactory tract (smell)

Question 23

Occipital lobe - Area 17? Area 18/19?

Answer 23

Area 17 - found on either side of calcarine sulcus - Primary Visual Cortex

Area 18/19 - Visual Association Cortex - interpretation of visual images

Question 24

Limbic lobe - composed of? function?

Answer 24

Cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala

Involved in memory and emotion

Question 25

Language areas - Broca's (aphasia)? Wernicke's (aphasia)? Aphasia (damage)?

Answer 25

Broca's is the motor speech area (Aphasia - frontal lobe, miss small words wth weakness of one side of body) Wernicke's is the auditory assocaiton area for recognition of spoken speech (fleunt speech with meaningless words, can't understand, temporal lobe wth no paralysis) Aphasia - problem with speech damage in speech area

Question 26

Cranial nerve origins?

Answer 26

Question 27

Arterial supply to the brain?

Answer 27

2 ICA supply the brain 2 Vertebral supply the brain

Question 28

Circle of Willis - name the 8 main vessels?

Answer 28

Vertebral artery Anterior spinal artery Basilar artery Posterior cerebral artery Posterior communicating artery Interal carotid artery Anterior communcating artery Anterior cerebral artery

Question 29

Name the 3 main branches of the ICA?

Answer 29

Anterior cerebral Middle cerebal Posterior communicating

Question 30

Vertebral arteries - branches?

Answer 30

Join together to form the basilar artery Supply brainstem and cerebellum Divide into 2 posterior cerebral arerties supplying the cerebral hemisphere