Externalizing disorders Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is an externalizing disorder?
Psychological distress, symptoms are “directed outward”, a continuous dimension of behavior that includes a mixture of impulsive, overactive, aggressive, and delinquent actions which violate societal norms, sometimes “antisocial behavior”.
What is an internalizing disorder?
Psychological distress that is “turned inward” and less visible to others, depression and anxiety disorders are internalizing disorders.
What are the 2 childhood externalizing disorders in the DSM?
Conduct disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
What is the criteria of CD?
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of at least 3 of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months from any of the categories below, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months:
- Aggression to people and animal
- Destruction of property
- Deceitfulness or theft
- Serious violations of rules
- The disturbance in behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning
- If the individual is 18 years or older, criteria are not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder (if 18 years or older, check if they fit Antisocial Personality Disorder first)
What are the types of CD?
Childhood onset (prior to age 10)
Adolescent onset (after age 10)
What are the characteristics of childhood onset of CD?
- boys
- more aggressive and severe symptoms
- lower IQ
- poor peer relations
- illegal activities
- associated with antisocial
What are the characteristics of adolescent onset of CD?
- normal early development
- less likely to commit crimes
- less likely to be antisocial
- equally likely to be male or female
- do not necessarily have poor peer relationships
What is callous unemotional subset?
Subset of children with CD also show lack of empathy, manipulation, lack of remorse or guilt.
Severe form of CD.
Higher verbal intelligence
Less emotionality labile
Different patterns of aggression
What are the two types of aggression?
Reactive aggression– impulsive reaction to threat (usually CD only)
Instrumental aggression– aggression designed to achieve a goal (CD with CU)
What are risks for CD?
- genetic predisposition
- blunted cortisol
- general family stresses
- specific parenting patterns
What is Patterson’s coercion cycle?
Parents and children learn how to reinforce each other’s externalizing behaviors, increasing their likelihood of future occurrences.
A demand from either the parent or child >
Escalation of negative behavior (e.g., arguing, yelling) >
One party submits or gives in >
Negative reinforcement of the coercive behavior
Coercion cycles worsens CD
What is hostile attribution bias?
A cognitive bias where a person tends to interpret other people’s actions as intentionally hostile or aggressive, even when those actions are ambiguous or likely harmless.
What is reputation bias?
Parents, peers and teachers make assumptions that habitually aggressive children will behave aggressively.
What is the diagnostic criteria for ODD?
A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months as evidenced by at least four symptoms from any of the following categories, and exhibited during interaction with at least one individual who is not a sibling.
Average age of onset= 6 years
Over 90% of children diagnosed with CD have previously met criteria for ODD.
What is anti-personality disorder?
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by 3 of the following:
- Failure to conform to social norms
- Deceitfulness
- Impulsivity
- Irritability and aggressiveness
- Reckless disregard for safety
- Consistent irresponsibility
- Lack of remorse
At least 18 years old
Evidence of CD with onset before 15 years
What is an iatrogenic treatment?
Worsens the condition it is intended to improve.
Group interventions for externalizing disorders can worsen condition.
What is deviancy training?
Interactions among peers that reinforce and intensify antisocial behavior.
