Extra-Cranial Disease

Question 1

causes

Answer 1

atherosclerosis causing either embolisation or reduction in flow

Question 2

define stroke

Answer 2

acute loss of cerebral function that is vascular in origin

Question 3

define amaurosis fugax

Answer 3

transient visual disturbance in the eye on the same side as the carotid stenosis
(curtain coming down)

Question 4

define significant stenosis

Answer 4

> 50% stenosis of ICA

Question 5

diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis

Answer 5

duplex USS for endpoint and carotid plaque characterisation

Question 6

timing of carotid endarterectomy in females

Answer 6

offered within first 2 weeks of event, after 4 weeks it is of little benefit

Question 7

timing of carotid endarterectomy in males

Answer 7

offered within 2 weeks of event, still benefits up to 12 weeks later

Question 8

procedure of carotid endarterectomy

Answer 8

local/regional anaesthetic (allows for cerebral function testing during procedure), clamped arteries, collaterals (circle of willis) used, anticoagulated beforehand (IV heparin)