Extra Endocrine Q's Flashcards
(24 cards)
Describe the autocrine mode of action
cell signals to itself; secretes hormone or chemical messenger that binds to autocrine receptor on that same cell.
Describe the paracrine mode of action
Cell signals to near by or neighbouring cells; short distance
Describe the endocrine mode of action
Cell signals to distant cells or glands via hormones in the blood stream
List the 4 major classes of hormones
Amines (derived from amino acids)
Peptides/proteins
Steroids (cholesterol derivatives)
Eicosanoids (poly unsaturated FA derivatives)
A bit about cytokines?
single molecules produced by non-gland cells
involved in immune response
A bit about neurotransmitters?
released from nerve cell, cross synapse targeting next cell in line
How are hormones carried in the blood stream?
on own or attached to carrier proteins
A bit about neurohormones?
secreted by neurosecretory cell =>blood stream =>target cell
Specificity of hormones relates to
receptors
Intracellular receptors bind to…?
hydrophobic ligands
Ligand-gated ion channels lead to…?
changes in membrane potential
Receptor-enzymes lead to…?
changes in intracellular enzyme activity
G-protein-coupled receptors do what?
activate membrane bound G-proteins
lead to changes in cell activities
What are the 3 factors that affect hormone level in blood?
rate of hormone secretion
amount of hormone bound to carrier proteins
rate at which hormone is metabolised
Endocrine glands are…?
ductless
List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus
PRH, dopamine, TRH, CRH, GHRH, GHIH, GnRH
Describe the role of the hypothalamus
releasing hormones
inhibiting hormones
Release/inhibit secretion of pituitary hormones
Name the hormone produced by the pineal gland
melatonin
List the hormones produced by the pancreas
insulin, glucagon & somatostatin
List the hormones produced by the thyroid gland
T3, T4 & calcitonin
List the hormones produced by the adrenal gland
adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone, androgen
What is the function of a tropic hormone?
regulates activity of other endocrine glands e.g. TSH, ACTH
Draw GH/IGF axis. Incl. the major glands & hormones involved in this process & regulation, & any positive or negative feedback pathways associated w/ this axis
DRAW GH & IGF-1 FLOW CHART
DO IT LIKE A MILLION TIMES
Draw the stress/cortisol synthesis/HPA axis including major glands and hormones, and any positive or negative feedback
DO IT DO IT DO IT
