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Human Disease And Therapeutics > Extra From Study Guide > Flashcards

Extra From Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is carbachol?

A

Treats closed angle glaucoma by stimulating iris sphincter (chol agonist)

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2
Q

Bethanechol is a cholinergic-muscarinic-agonist that treats ____

A

Urinary retention

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3
Q

What kind of a drug is propantheline (pro-banthene)?

A

Anti-muscarinic like atropine and scopolamine.

Treats parkinsons, motion sickness, urinary urgency.

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4
Q

What is trihexylphenedyl?

A

An anti-muscarinic used to treat parkinsons. Decreases salivary output.

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5
Q

What kind of a drug is labetolol?

A

Mixed a1 and b antagonist

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6
Q

What is edrophonium?

A

Readily reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

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7
Q

What is dobutamine?

A

Adrenergic agonist

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8
Q

Name the classic ASDs and newer ASDs.

A

Classic ASDs: phenytoin, carbamazepine, clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, valproic acid

Newer ASDs: gabapentin, lamotrigene, felbamate, topiramate, pregabalin, rufinamide

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9
Q

What ASD causes Hirsuitism? What is hirsuitism?

A

Phenytoin

Hirsuitism is excessive hair in abnormal locations

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10
Q

Which ASDs cause GI upset, sedative effects, ataxia, rare skin eruptions?

A

Most ASDs

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11
Q

Which ASDs cause alopecia? What is alopecia?

A

Valproic acid

Sudden patchy hair loss

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12
Q

Which ASDs cause rare hepatitis?

A

Phenytoin

Valproic acid

Carbamazepine

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13
Q

Which ASDs are the best for partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized)?

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Topiramate
Valproic acid

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14
Q

Which ASDs are best for generalized onset tonic clonic seizures?

A

Valproic acid

Topiramate

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15
Q

What drugs are used for status epilepticus?

A

Diazepam

Phenytoin

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16
Q

What is benztropine?

A

Anticholinergic used for Parkinson’s patients to help dry sialorrhea

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17
Q

What is selegiline?

A

MAO inhibitor. Decreases metabolism of DA which means you wont have to take L-dopa as soon.

Side effects: dysgeusia, bruise, sublingual oral ulcerations, burning in lips.

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18
Q

What is pramipexole?

A

D2 receptor agonist

Used at early onset of parkinsons

Doesn’t metabolize into something that makes ROS

Longer half-life, so more even levels of DA throughout the day

Better absorption and transport

Directly stimulates the striatal neurons (doesn’t have to be metabolized into DA first)

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19
Q

___% of GABA cells are lost in Huntingtons

A

90%

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20
Q

Haldol is a ___ antagonist.

A

Dopamine (D2)

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21
Q

What is olanzepine?

A

Not a D2 selective antipsychotic but rather an atypical antipsychotic, it has a better side effect profile and targets serotonin more

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22
Q

What is reserpine?

A

Used for DA depletion (for huntingtons)

Blocks release of DA by blocking VMAT. Affects other Monoamine as as wells such as serotonin.

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23
Q

What are the types of drugs that are used to treat Alzheimer’s?

Study These Flashcards
A

Drugs that increase cholinergic activity

Dolzepine - AChE inhibitor

24
Q

MS is typically found in individuals in __ years of age

25
What are three types of drugs that may be used to manage the relapses associated with MS?
Prednisone - lots of side effects (like Cushings disease) Interferons - expensive Methyltrexate - also used for cancer suppression (not used often)
26
Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junctions. What are two drugs that are used to treat Myasthenia Gravis? Describe these drugs.
Prostigmine Neostigmine These are AChE inhibitors
27
Name 3 different enkephalins.
Methionine Enkephalin Levine enkephalin
28
What is piroxicam?
Non selective ibuprofen-like NSAID
29
What is hematemesis?
Vomiting blood from peptic/duodenal ulcer disease This is a contradiction for the use of NSAIDs
30
Opioid narcotics, for the most part are schedule ___ controlled substances
2
31
Aspirin + oxycodone = ___?
OxyContin / percodan
32
Name 2 antidepressants that can be used for managing neuropathic pain.
Duloxetin Nortriptyline
33
Define misuse in regards to prescription medications
Either not prescribed or clinically inappropriate (ignorance or being sloppy)
34
Describe the addiction cycle for prescription drugs.
1 - relieve medical condition (many patients are at risk before treatment) 2 - DA release 3 - physical dependence develops 4 - tolerance w/ lengthy use 5 - patient uses various strategies to maintain drug supply (often illegal)
35
Where is a person addicted to prescription drugs most likely to get their drugs?
Friends and family (66%) ``` Their prescriptions (19%) Buy on the street (12%) Dealer (8%) Internet purchases (minor) Steal ```
36
What does SBIRT stand for? (In regards to Rx abuse)
Screening, brief interview, intervention and referral to treatment. This is a way to assess and monitor. 75% wont require anymore screening, 25% will
37
What is DOPL?
Division of occupational and professional licensing. There is a database that you have access to as a clinician to look up the patient and see how many previous prescriptions they have and who prescribed them.
38
Name two phenothiazines (older antipsychotics)
Chlorpromazine Thioridizine
39
Which antipsychotic drug has more extrapyramidal side effects, phenothiazines or butyrophenones?
Butyrophenones (haloperidol)
40
True or false.. atypical antipsychotics are better at treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia than positive symptoms
True
41
Name two MAOIs
Phenelzine Selegiline These are anti-depressants. May interact with foods that contain tyramine (cheese and beer) causing strong sympathomimetic effects
42
Name three tricyclic antidepressants
Amitriptyline Desipramine Doxepine
43
Name two monoamine uptake blockers
Fluoxetine (Prozac) (SSRI - its a seratonin selective uptake blocker) Sertraline (Zoloft)
44
Name two NE or mixed transport blockers (antidepressants)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Duloxetine (also approved for neuropathic pain) Note that these cause weight LOSS instead of weight gain like Prozac
45
Do benzodiazepines affect GABA A or GABA B most?
GABA A
46
Which barbiturate drug is used for short term anesthesia induction, which is used long term for seizures?
Short term anesthesia induction - pentobarbital Long term seizures - phenobarbital
47
What is atomoxetine (straterra)?
NE uptake inhibitor for the treatment of ADHD
48
Down's syndrome is trisomy ___. They have a shortened life expectancy typically due to abnormalities in the __.
21 Heart
49
What id Edward syndrome?
Trisomy 18 Causes mental impairment, small head, and micrognathia
50
Stimulation of D1 by DA will cause ___ Stimulation of D2 by DA will cause ___
Vasodilation in the kidney and heart Nausea and decreased sympathetic release
51
True or false... clonidine increases aqueous humor production
False.. it decreases it
52
Which of the following receptors regulate renin section? Alpha 1 Alpha 1 Beta 1 Beta 2
Beta 1
53
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is regulated by what receptors?
Alpha Beta 2
54
Apocrine and eccrine glands are regulated by what receptors?
Alpha and muscarinic respectively
55
Which of the following conditions is sometimes seen in the elderly as a problem of the sympathetic rather than the parasympathetic nervous system? Constipation Orthostatic hypotension Urinary retention Dry eyes
Orthostatic hypotension

Human Disease And Therapeutics (13 decks)

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