Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

TERM 3- Postmidterm > Extra Misc. Questions > Flashcards

Extra Misc. Questions Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

describe HSV make-up

A

Group I- dsDNA, enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define Acronym for Group I/II viruses

A

‘Happy / Pap’

  • Enveloped: HBV (partial dsDNA), HSV, Pox (cytoplasm)
  • Naked: Parvo (ssDNA), Adeno, Papilloma, Polyoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe Polio make-up

A

Group IV- ssRNA (+), naked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define Acronym for Group III/IV viruses

A

‘Chirping CFTR’

  • Enveloped: coronavirus, flavivirus, togavirus, retrovirus
  • Naked: calicivirus, hepevirus, reo-/rota-virus (dsRNA), picornavirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define Acronym for Group V viruses

A

Note- ssRNA (-), all enveloped — ‘bad prof’

bunya, arena, delta (defective), paramyox (fusion), rhabdo, orthomxyo (nucleus), filo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe HIV make-up

A

Group VI- ssRNA(+) retrovirus, enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain function of gp120, gp41, p24 in HIV

A
  • gp120: VAP, binds CD4+ and co-receptor
  • gp41: hydrophobic element is exposed upon gp120 binding => fusion with membrane
  • p24: capsid protein (used in early Dx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe make-up of HBV

A

Group VII partial dsDNA, enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HBV binds mucosal cells and hepatocytes via (1). HBV is effective because once it enter the nucleus, (2) occurs

A

1- HBsAg

2- ssDNA randomly anneals to host genome => oncogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define genetic reassortment, phenotypic mixing, antigenic shift, antigenic drift

A
  • Reassortment: RNA combinations in nucleus
  • Phenotypic mixing: new virons that express new protein combination
  • Shift: entire event that results in new HA protein in human population (pandemic)
  • Drift: random pt mutations that occur normally (annual epidemics)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list the 2 flagellates and 1 ciliates of intestinal protozoa

A

flagellates: giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis
ciliates: balatidium coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list the 2 flagellates blood/tissue protozoa

A
  • leshmania (sand fly)

- trypanosoma (tsete fly - African sleeping sickness / American kissing bug - chaga’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in cestodes:

  • head = (1)
  • segments = (2)
A

1- scolex

2- proglottids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Candida has the following unique characteristics

A

pseudohyphae and budding yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ is the most common AIDS defining disease

A

Pneumocyctis jiroecii (PCP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

narrow / low-angle branching hyphae indicates…

A

aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

list the enveloped DNA viruses

A

(Happy Pap –> HHP part)

Note all are dsDNA: herpes (linear), hepadna (circular), poxvirus (linear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

list the naked DNA viruses

A

(Happy Pap –> PAPP part)

  • parvo (ssDNA, linear)
  • adeno (dsDNA, linear)
  • papilloma, polyoma (dsDNA, circular)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

list the ssRNA(-) viruses, are the enveloped or naked

Study These Flashcards
A

(BAD PROF)- all are enveloped

  • bunya (seg) or borna (lin)
  • arena (seg)
  • delta
  • paramyox (lin)
  • rhabdo (lin)
  • orthomyoxo (seg)
  • filo (lin)
20
Q

list the dsRNA and ssRNA(+) viruses, distinguish enveloped or naked

Study These Flashcards
A

(CAP FaCT = ssRNA (+))
Naked = CAP: calci, astro, picorna
Env. = FCT: flavi, corona, toga

dsRNA = reo/rota, Naked

21
Q

retroviruses are (enveloped/naked) and include these two types: (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

1- enveloped

2- lentavirus (HIV), oncovirus

22
Q

list some viruses that enter via fusion

Study These Flashcards
A

(enveloped)

HSV, HIV, paramyxovirus

23
Q

list some viruses that enter via endocytosis and acidification

Study These Flashcards
A

(enveloped)

influenza

24
Q

list some viruses that enter via direct entry across plasma membrane

Study These Flashcards
A

(naked)

poliovirus

25
list some viruses that enter via endocytosis (only)
(naked) | parvovirus
26
In granuloma formation: -macrophages secrete (1) to attract Th1 -Th1 secreted (2) to attract more macrophages (process repeats until target cells are walled off) -these microbes usually share (3) feature
1- IL-12 2- IFN-γ 3- microbes avoids endo-lysosomal fusion
27
describe APS
(autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome) | -self-Ags not presented via surface medullary thymic epithelial cells, involves AIRE
28
X-linked immunoglobulinemia is a defect in (1) and people are susceptible to (2)
1- BTK (Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase) | 2- extracellular + fungal infections
29
class switching requires ___ cell
``` Th cell (CD4+): CD40L activating CD40 on B cell (note CD28 (T) binding B7 (B) activates T cell) ```
30
compare hippocratic to non-hippocratic oaths
- Hippocratic: Pts best interest 1st | - Non-hippo: balance Pt interest and societal issues
31
intracellular organisms are usually dealt with by the following cells....
NK cells, Th1 cells
32
fungal and extracellular organisms are usually dealt with by....
- Th17 cells | - complement via B cells or innate immune system
33
highlight events and markers of pro-B cell
- H chain recombination starts (RAG1/2) - H chain 'J' junctional diversity via tDt -CD19 on surface
34
highlight events and markers of pre-B cell
- H chain recombination ends - L chain recombination starts (RAG1/2) - cytoplasmic µ - CD20 on surface - pre-BCR on surface
35
highlight events and markers of immature B cell
-L chain recombination ends (RAG1/2) - IgM on surface - BCR on surface (+ tolerance induction)
36
what are the surface markers of mature B cells
IgM, IgD
37
compare IgM and IgD
- only differ in Constant H chain: same in variable H chain and constant/variable L chain - occurs via alternate splicing
38
IgG class-switching is mediated by....
IFN-γ
39
discuss changes in IL-2R once T cell is activated
IL-2Rβγ (low affinity) --> IL-2Rαβγ (high affinity)
40
list some sources of superAg
staph exfoliating, shock; Strep pyogenic
41
what is the major factor of type 1 hypersensitivity desensitization
Th2 ---> Th1 response
42
hematuria and high bilirubin indicates type ___ hypersensitivity
type 2
43
___ cell is most associated with autoimmune diseases
Treg
44
describe ALS
(autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome) | -defect in FAS/FASL apoptosis signaling
45
what are the types of AR-SCID
ADA > PNP
46
Leishmania are in (1) state in sand flies and (2) state in humans
1- promastigote | 2- amastigote
47
Trypansomes (American and African) are in (1) state in Reduviid Bug/Tsetse Fly and in (2) state in humans; (3) is the intermediate phase before human infection
1- epimastigote 2- trypomastigote 3- metacyclic trypomastigote Note- American type may convert from trypomastigote to amastigote within humans

TERM 3- Postmidterm (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions