Extra path from revision Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
ACR nephrotic and prenephrotic
A
3-30
>30
2
Q
MCNS oedema
A
peri-orbitAL
associated with URTI or vaccination
3
Q
prolif vs membranoprolif GN
A
prolif is 1-2 weeks after URTI
memprolif is 1-2 days after URTI
4
Q
histology of prolif GN
A
massive gloms
5
Q
histology of membranoprolif
A
thick mesangium
crescent hyaline
6
Q
VHL syndrome
A
haemangioblastoma of retina, cerebellum, bilateral RCC, renal cysts
7
Q
fibrol;amellar HCC prognosis
A
better prognosis
8
Q
RFs for angiosARCOMA
A
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
ARSENIC
9
Q
french onion skin ERCP
antibody
A
primary sclerosing cholangiytis
pANCA
10
Q
M rule in PBC
A
IgM
AMA+ (M2 subtype)
Middle aged females
11
Q
70% of PBC have what?
A
sicca syndrome
12
Q
mutation and chr of
wilson
haemochroma
A1AT
A
AR 13
AR 6
Co-dom 14
13
Q
menstrual bleeding and haemochromatosis
A
proptective, hence why it’s mostly males
14
Q
autoimmune hepatitis LFTs
A
High ALT
IgG (B cells)
ANA+
15
Q
how many bronchopulmonary segments
A
10
16
Q
lobar organism
bronchogenic organism
A
strep pneumo
less virulent staph
17
Q
abscess formers
A
klebsiella + strep pneumo
18
Q
culture time for TB
A
5-6 weeks
19
Q
oat cell
A
c-myc mutation small cell carinoma
20
Q
kras mutation lung cancer
A
adenocarcinoma (peripheral)
21
Q
cavitating central lesions
A
squamous cell (most smoking one)
22
Q
highest risk of becoming dysplastic in barretts
A
intestinal type
23
Q
chief cells
parietal cells
A
mucus and bicarb
acid and intrinsic factor
24
Q
which bits have parietal cells
A
bondy and fundus
25
MALT lymphome, B or T
B
compared to EATL in coeliac which is t cell
26
who is at risk of stomach cancer
japanese
chinese
korean
27
GIST cells
interstitial cajal cells
| imatinib
28
BRCA1
BRCA 2
chromosome
17
| 13
29
```
formation of cancer
DCIS
LCIS
DI
LI
```
linear
lobule
nest
single file lines
30
% maliugnant of phalloydes
1/3
31
brody abcess
osteomyelitis
32
most commom place for osteomyeklitis
primxal tibia
distal femur
in metaphysios where blood supply is less good
33
pagets complications
deafness
high outp[ut cardiac failure
osteosarcoma 1% in life
fractures
34
conventional
myxoid
chondrosarcomasd
hyaline
| clear/de-defferentiated
35
mantel cell
| germinal centre
diffuse B cell lymphoma
| BUrkitts's and hodgkin
36
juvenile polyposis presentation
mutation
rectal bleeding and prolapse of polyp
AD SMAD4
37
PJeghers presentation
mutation
intussuception
AD STK11
38
dukes staging
A muscul;aris propria
B into serosa.
C into lymoph nodes
D mets
90
70
30
1
39
HNPCC
AD mismatch repair leading to microsatllite instability
40
FAP
AD APC
| not present at birth
41
age for classical seminoma
30
42
race for least testicular carcinoma
race for prostate
black
black > white > asian
43
how does HPV 16/18 cause SCC
E6 --> inhibits p53
| E7 --> inhibits Rb
44
name for cell infected by HPV
koilocytes
45
age for4 vaccine
13
46
screening for cervical cancer
every 5 years
| 25-64
47
fibroids
adxenomyosis
endometriosis
heavy pelvis + bleeding. aka leiomyoma
pain + symmetrically enlarged uterus
pain + bleeding
48
mature teratoma aka
dermoid cyst
49
cystic teratoma B or M
benign
50
phaeochromocytoma rule of 10
10% extra drenal
10% biulateral
10-% no HTN
10% malignant
51
MI
12-24
3-7days
2-8wks
dark mottling
central yellow tan + hyperaemic borders
grey white scar
52
CFTR mutation
AR CTFR
53
platelets in iroin def anaemia
increased
54
film for iron def anaemia
penicl
hypochromic
variable red cell size (red cell districbution)
55
TIBC in iron def anaemia
increased due to increased transferrin (but ferritin is low)
56
where is folate absorbed
| b12
```
jejunum
terminal ileum (IF)
```
57
b12 and folate giving back
IM B12
then
oral folate
58
herediatry sphero
G6PDH
PK
inheritancer
AD
X-linked
AR
59
when do you tranfuse in sickle
in a crisius
| before majroo surgery
60
investigation for sickel stroke
transcranial doppler
61
types of stokje in sickle
20-30 = haemorahgic
otherwise ischaemic
get headache seizure and syncope weirdly
62
gingival hyperplasi
| Downs
AML
63
Tx for APML
ATRA
64
ibrutinib
for 17p del of p53 CLL
65
Classifcation of CLL
Binet
1 <3
2 3+
3 with myelosuppresion
66
Richers
CLL
| into diffuse large B cell lymphoma (a nmon-H)_
67
AML
| FLT3 and NPM1
FLT3-
NMP1 +
GOOD
68
Rfs for
Hodkgkin
NH B
NH T
EBV, smoking
HIV, smoking
HTLV1
69
continguous
Hodkjkine
70
myeloma RBCs
roloueax
71
cutoffs for myeloma
MGUS 10% and <30g/l ----6m
SMoul in between ------3m
Myeloma + CRABI or >60%
72
management of spinal cord compression in myeloma
hyperviscostiy syundrome
steroids
MRI and ?surgery
isovolaemic vene3section
73
thalidomide
myelooma
as well as steroids and proteosome inhibitors
74
inheritance of vWD
AD
75
treatment fo TTP
| DIC
plasma exchange to dilute Abs. platelets are CI.
give everything back (platelts, FFP cryo etc)
76
reversing herpain
protamine
77
severe bleed on warfarin
minor bleed but INR >8
minor bleed
IV vit K and octaplex
IV vit K
orla vit K
78
monitoring warfarin
every 6 weeks once stable
79
irradiated blood
CMV- blood (methyleene blu8e)
immunosuppressed
prtegnancy anbd <28 days
80
test for acute haemolytic tranfusion reaction
direct antiglobin test
81
acute vs delayed haemolyutic tranfusion reaction
24 hours is cutoff
```
acute = raised LDH
delayed = raised uncoinj bili
```
82
definition ogf massive haemorage
systolic <90
| HR >110
83
treating TACIO
slow trnasufiosn and five fireosemide
84
treating Q fever
tetracyline and hydroxcholroquine 1 year
85
jaundice and hepatitis
goiod as it means its being cleared. kless chance of chornicity.
hence why children and HIV peoiple dont get jaundiceand it is usually asymotioamtic
86
definiction os chrionic hepatities
>6m
87
worldwide leading cause of liver transplant
HCV
88
natural distater hepatitis outbreak
HEV
89
SIRS vs SOFA mental staus
SIRS uses AMTS
| SOFA uses GCS
90
rubella Sx
less florid rash
starts behind eard and preads
submandubular and behind ears swelline
deafness of foetus in pregnancy
91
type of virus if flu
orthomyxovirus
| ssRNA -ve sense with 8 biots oif RNA inside
92
why is aciclovir so specific for viruses
needs to be triple phosphorylated and the first one needs and viral enzyme not human one
93
parvoviruis B19
prodrom flu like illness then slapped cheeks
| death of newborn if pregnant mum
94
bronchilotis
| croup
RSV
| parainfluenza
95
```
CURB65
0-1
2
3
4-5
```
CRB65
0
1-2
3+
home amox 5 days
hospital amox+ clari 7 days
hostpiral coamox+vlari 7 days
ITU traz
home amox 5 days
hospital
ITU
96
most common ventilator associated
psuedomonas
97
pH for empyema
<7.2
98
features of mycobacteruium
rods
facutative anaerobe
non motile
non-spore forming
99
until when are you conagious with TB after treatment
2 weeeks, putin side room until then
remember
2m RIPE
4m RI
100
meningeal TB
2m RIPE
| 10m RI
101
latent TB
3m RI
| 6m I
102
MDR-TB
| XDR-TB
resiwstent to RI
| resistent to RI + 50% of second line drugs
103
c.dif antibiotic
clindamycin
| cephs (and other B lactams)
104
treatment of HUS
no Abx (kidney damage)
105
Ix of O157
phage typing
106
malaria and platelrets
thombocytopnaenia
107
thin or thick film to see rings
thin
108
Tx or leishmaniasis
pentamidine or amphopterecin
109
Tx schostomiasis
praziquantel (all helminths)
110
urin sample for shistosmiasis
terminal urine at midday
| 6 weeks after infection
111
septic arthritis
adults
IVDU
<3yo
sexu active
S.aureus
psudomonas
HIb
?gonohorea
112
early vs late PJI
3m
113
erisipelas
erisipeloid
erithasma
group B strep
eriseoi.....
corney
114
type 1 nec fash
| type 2 nec fash
poly - old men, diabetes, aocoholic, trama
| grou A strep - IVDU
115
how do HIV get in cell
GP120 on virion
binds to CD4 receptor on T cell
with help of CCr5/CXCR4
116
seroconversion
6 weeks
| flu like or asympt
117
most common infection in AIDS
pneumocystic jiroveni
118
most common lesion in brain in AIDS
toxoplasmosis (cats pooo meat)
119
meningitis
0-3m
3m-6y
6y-60y
60+
e. coli, group B strep, listeria
n. men, s.pnumo, HIB
n. men, s.pneumo
n. men, s,pneumo, listeria
