Extra Stuff

Question 1

Loading data in minitab: open existing worksheet and importing data

Answer 1

• open existing worksheet: file must be .MTW or .MPJ

- importing data: for non-minitab data, must be .xls, .txt, etc.

Question 2

graphical summary gives you:

Answer 2

• histogram with dist. curve
• Box plot
• CI’s (for mean, median, stdv)
• Anderson-Darling normality test (A^2, P-value)
• mean, stdv, var, N, skewness, kurtosis

Question 3

what is skewness?

Answer 3

measure of lack of symmetry (0 if completely symmetric)

Question 4

what is kurtosis?

Answer 4

height/sharpness of peak (higher value means higher, sharper peak)

Question 5

normality test

Answer 5

probability plot - normal if straight, diagonal line

Question 6

run chart

Answer 6

• represents data over time - use to look for evidence of special-cause variation
• want points to vary randomly around center line (median)

Question 7

ANOVA (minitab)

Answer 7

• used to compare equality of means for different variables
• look at p-value –> means are different if < alpha
• look at CI’s - if doesn’t contain 0, means different
• look at R2 - if small, model generates imprecise predictions for new observation

Question 8

Time Series Plot

Answer 8

• graph used to evaluate patterns and behavior in data over time - displays observations on the Y-axis against equally spaced time intervals on X-axis

Question 9

Dot Plot

Answer 9

• graph used to assess the distribution of continuous data

- useful for relatively small amounts of data

Question 10

Individual value plot

Answer 10

graph you can use to examine individual values in each sample to assess sample distributions

Question 11

brush tool

Answer 11

used to identify/look at one or more individual points

Question 12

what is a balanced scorecard

Answer 12

• system for creating “strategic planning and management”

- provides both performance metrics while also helping identify what should be done

Question 13

4 perspectives of balances scorecard

Answer 13

financial, customer, business process, learning and growth

Question 14

financial perspective

Answer 14

• choice of a few high level financial metrics to reflect financial performance of the business
• how business looks from stockholders point of view
• how effective is business at using its resources

Question 15

4 pieces for each perspective for balanced scorecard

Answer 15

objectives, measures, initiative, target

Question 16

attribute gauge r&r uses what statistical tool to estimate what?

Answer 16

• uses ANOVA to estimate whether a metrics repeatability or reproducibility is the main contributor to variation

Question 17

con of attribute gauge r&r

Answer 17

difficult to account for variance occurring from learning

Question 18

for something to be consistently and reliably accurate, it must…

Answer 18

also be precise

Question 19

3 parts of strategy statement

Answer 19

• objective
• scope
• competitive advantage

Question 20

7 wastes (plus extra one)

Answer 20

• transportation (conveyance), inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, overprocessing, defects
• underuse of talent

Question 21

what can you do to the mean of a continuous metric…

Answer 21

you can shift the mean - a continuous metric will make it easier to see what is actually going on in the process

Question 22

Z.ST vs. Z.LT

Answer 22

• Z.ST = capability = short term

- Z.LT = performance = long term

Question 23

Variance (Observed) = ?

Answer 23

= Var (true process - 90%) + Var (measurement system - 10%)

Question 24

Gauge R&R: Nested vs. Crossed

Answer 24

• if you need to use destructive testing, you must be able to assume that all parts within a single batch are identical
• if youre unable to make this assumption then part-to-part variation within a batch will mask the measurement system variation
• if you can make this assumption: then choosing between nested and crossed for destructive testing depends on how your measurement process is set up: if all operators measure parts from each batch = crossed. if each batch is only measured by a single operator = nested
• nondestructive testing = crossed

Question 25

Report vs. Study Timeframe (reporting sigma levels)

Answer 25

• If report = ST and study timeframe =
  - ST: leave as is
  - LT: add 1.5 sigma
• If report = LT and study timeframe =
  - ST: subtract 1.5 sigma
  - LT: leave as is

Question 26

Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - drivers?

Answer 26

• TQP driven internally

- Six Sigma driven by customer

Question 27

Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - focuses

Answer 27

• TQP focuses on outcomes

Six Sigma focuses on processes

Question 28

Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - does what to defects?

Answer 28

TQP fixes defects

Six Sigma prevents defects

Question 29

Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - improves what?

Answer 29

TQP improves quality

Six Sigma improves bottom line

Question 30

Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - looks in what direction

Answer 30

TQP looks backwards

Six Sigma looks forwards

Question 31

Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - concentrations

Answer 31

TQP concentrates on product

Six Sigma concentrates on CTQ’s

Question 32

Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - high on what?

Answer 32

TQP high on theory/people

Six Sigma high on methodology/data

Question 33

Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: Removes what?

Answer 33

lean removes waste

6sig removes variation

Question 34

Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: main characteristics

Answer 34

Lean - 5 basic principles

6sig - 5 phase DMAIC

Question 35

Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: focuses

Answer 35

lean - flow focused

6sig - problem focused

Question 36

Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: changes

Answer 36

lean - visual change now

6sig - statistical change

Question 37

Lean vs. Six Sigma secondary effects: less what?

Answer 37

lean - less variation

6sig - less waste

Question 38

Lean vs. Six Sigma secondary effects: internal change

Answer 38

lean - consistent output

6sig - decreased CT

Question 39

Lean and Six Sigma both have what secondary effect?

Answer 39

continuous quality improvement