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FINALS!!! > Extra werid panic revision!!!!! > Flashcards

Extra werid panic revision!!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves

A

olfactory
optic
occluotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abuducens
facial nerve
vestibuchoclear
glosspharyngeal
vagus
accesory nerve
hypoglossal nerve

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2
Q

Olfactory

A

test by sense of smell

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3
Q

optic nerve

A

test reactivity of pupils - vision

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4
Q

Occulomotr nerve

A

eye moevement

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5
Q

trochlear

A

superior oblique eye movement

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6
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - press on each side of face in the 3 divisions
motor - clench teeth - palpate (masseter and temporalis), openand close jaw (lateral and medial pterygoid)
coroneal relfex test

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7
Q

Abuducens

A

lateral rectus eye movement

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8
Q

Facial nerve

A

eyes shut
blinking eyes
purse lips
smile
raise eyebrows

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9
Q

Vestibuchoclear

A

hearing

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10
Q

Glossopharygeal nerve

A

taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue
ahh and soft palate look

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11
Q

Vagus

A

soft palate, pharynx and larynx
vocal cord movement

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12
Q

Acessroy

A

trapezius and sternocloediomastoid muscle
shurg shoulders, move head to side with resistance, tip chin down towards chest

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13
Q

Hypoglossal

A

stick tongue out - control movement of tongue

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14
Q

Factors for oral cancer

A

betal quid
scoecionic satus
smokers
alcohol

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15
Q

Common sites ofr oral caancer

A

FOM
lateral border of tongue
HP
SP
Buccal mucosa
gingivae

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16
Q

Early symptoms of oral cancer

A

hoarseness of voice
non healing ulcers
red and white patches
rough/lumpy areas
crustted non healing lesionson limp
persistent soreness

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17
Q

Cohesive front on oral cancer

A

tissue extending at same pace - metastasis to lymph nodes unlikely

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18
Q

Non conhesive front for oral cancer

A

tissues not extending at same pace - more likly for metasisi spread to lymph nodes

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19
Q

Warts

A

HPV 2and 4

20
Q

Stage

A

Tumour size - 1<2cm, 2=2-4cm, 3=>4cm, 4= >4cm and local invasion
Nodal spread - 0=none, 1=<3cm single, 2a) 3-6cm one single, 2b = <6cm on one side, 2c) <6cm on both sides, 3= >6cm
Metasiasis - 0 = none, 1=spread

21
Q

Clincal stages of cancer

A

size
site
spread
tx options
multiple primaries

22
Q

Features when grading tumour

A

does it resemble the same function as tissue of origin
resembles of cells to the tissue orign

23
Q

Squamous cell papilloma

A

HPV 6,11,14
non malginaincy, benign tumour
cauliflower appearance

24
Q

Histo of squamous cell papilloma

A

finger like projectin - attached stalk process
epithelium - hyperplastic and keratinsied
no invasion or atypia
kolicytes present
pedunculatated/sessile - pink appearnace

25
Biopsy for squamous cell papilloma
excisional biopsy
26
Addisions's disease signs and sympomts
weight loss anorexia body hair loss hyerpigmentation postural hypertension weakness lethargy
27
What is addisons disease
disorder of the adrenal gland it affects the production of cortisol and aldsoterone cortisol - regulates bp, glucose and muscle stregnth aldosterone - regulates sodium and fluid balance
28
tx for adrenal insufficency
hydrocortisone and glucosteriod 20 -30mg per day
29
Dental tx and addison's diseases
Minor -scale and polish - take morn dose as norm and addiontal dose1hr beforehand and continue normal afterwards Minor oral surgery - take nomral dose in morn and double dose 1hr ebforetx to max of 20mg and then double dose for 24hrs after tx Major tx - managed in secondary care - IM or IV hydrocortisone before tx and double after tx
30
Adrenal crisis signs and stmptoms
nasuea vominting loss of consciousness shock confusion BLS and monitor oxygen 50-100mg of hydrocrtisone IMand reeat every 6hrs
31
Cushings syndrome
when the body has too much cortisol weight gain and fat, decreases in sexual drive, easy bruishing and purple stretch marks, depression, weakness tx - remove sterios slowly or if casued by tumour them remove that
32
Conn's syndrome
overporoduction of aldosterone - high BP and low potassium #excessive thrist, fatigue, urniation, muscle cramps, visual issues Tx - with meds and chagne in lifestyle adn diet
33
Infective endocariditis
inflammation of the lining of the heart that often involves the heart valves streptocci or staphlyoccci bacteria
34
Specific heart problems
hx of infective endocairiditis cogentital heart disease - atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect replascement heart valve therapy diseases affecting the heart valves - stenosis, regurtitiation hypertropic cardiomyopathy
35
NICE guidlines state
there is no antiobitc prohylaxis rouninely given for dentalprocedures uncertain if antibiotic prophylaixis works antibiotic reisitance on increase taking antibiotics carries its own risks
36
Antibiotics prophylaxis tx
3g of amoxicillin oral powder sachet 60mins before procedure or clinmydacin capsules 300mg x2 60 mins before procedure
37
IE sympomts
cough shortness o fbreath tiredness muscle pain petachie fever and chills heart murmur
38
Hypercementosis
overproduction of cementum on the tooth root and is asymptomatic occurs more in mandible and molars
39
Casues of hypercementosis
fracture of teeth occlsuion root fracture repair occlusal truama pulp or perio disease systemic - paget's disease, goitre, gardner's syndrome, RF, acrmegagly
40
Symptoms of hypercementosis
bulbous roots and spcae of perio membrane
41
Complications of hypercementosis
difficult xla due to fusion of roots with adj teeth pulpal necrosis - due to blocking of apical formane tooth section may be required to remove the tooth
42
Constituents of LA
type - ester or amide perservatives - bisulphite vasocontritor - fleypressin or adrnealine
43
How does La work
LA works by blocking nerve conduction by blocking volgate gated sodium ion channels The LA is deposited and binds to the voltage gated sodium channels and prevents an influx of sodium ions This blocks the action potential generation and propagtion The block will continue as long as sufficent number of sodium ion channels are blocked To block the action potential the la needs to work on serveal nodes of ranvier
44
Alternatives to an idb
Gow's Gate Akonisi technique
45
Maxiallry division of the trigeminal nerve
foramen rotundum
46
Mandiblaur division of the trigeminal nerve
foramen ovale
47
How La works
LA works by blocking nerve conduction by blockig the volgated gated sodium channels La bigs to the sdoium ions The la block the sodium ion channels and prevents an influx of sodium ions the blocks action potentional generation and propgation The block wil last as long as the sodium channels are blocked The action otentials are blocked depending on number of noes of ranvier the la works with

FINALS!!! (20 decks)

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