Extracellular

Question 1

Examples of extracellular bacteria

Answer 1

• Haemophilus influenzae
• Bordetella pertussis
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 2

What are obligate human pathogens that are transmitted person to person?

Answer 2

All except pseudomonas

Question 3

Gram- coccobacillus extracellular bacteria; may be encapsulated (types a-f); found only in human respiratory tract (commensal-normal flora)

Answer 3

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 4

How do you grow H. flu in vitro?

Answer 4

Growing H. flu is fastidious (picky) and requires very rich media with hemin

Question 5

How is H. flu transmitted?

Answer 5

respiratory droplets

Question 6

What are the diseases caused by H. flu?

Answer 6

Meningitis 
Otitis media (common in children)

Question 7

What vaccines are available for H. flu?

Answer 7

conjugate vaccines
(polysaccharide conjugated to a protein carrier)

Question 8

most important/worrisome disease caused by H. flu (type b); more frequent in young children yet to be vaccinated; quick onset, death can occur rapidly; fever, altered CNS, seizures, coma

Answer 8

meningitis

Question 9

rare disease caused by H. influenza (type b); swelling of epiglottis that can cause an airway obstruction

Answer 9

Epiglottitis

Question 10

most common disease caused by H. influenzae (nonencapsulated). why?

Answer 10

Otitis media (middle ear infection)

• Anti-polysaccharide antibody is T-cell independent, and T-cell independent responses are inefficient early in life.

Question 11

What are the virulence factors of H. flu?

Answer 11

pili (attachment)
LOS (same as LPS)
maybe capsule

Question 12

What does the capsule of a type b H. influenzae bacteria have?

Answer 12

Polyribosyl phosphate (PRP)

Question 13

Gram- coccobacillus, extracellular, obligate aerobe that causes Pertussis (whooping cough); found only in human respiratory tract

Answer 13

Bordetella pertussis

Question 14

How do you grow B. pertussis in vitro?

Answer 14

fastidious, slow, sensitive to inhibitory factors in media

Question 15

How is B. pertussis transmitted?

Answer 15

respiratory droplets

highly communicable

Question 16

What is the phase that lasts about 7 days with relatively mild cold-like symptoms, mild cough, rhinorrhea, malais. B. pertussis is most easily detected in this phase.

Answer 16

Catarrhal Phase

Question 17

What is the phase that lasts 1-4 weeks with severe, forceful, inspiratory gasp coughing, and leukocytosis. B pertussis is hard to detect in this phase

Answer 17

Paroxysmal Phase

Question 18

What is the phase that can last several weeks with less cough and gradual recovery?

Answer 18

Convalescent Phase

Question 19

What are the virulence factors of B. Pertussis?

Answer 19

• Pili
• LOS/LPS
• Toxins (exotoxins)

Question 20

What are the exotoxins produced by B. pertussis

Answer 20

Tracheal Cytotoxin
Pertussis toxin
Adenylate cyclase toxin

Question 21

Which toxin causes cell wall fragment of the host and induce ciliostasis (kills cilated cells)

Answer 21

Tracheal Cytotoxin

Question 22

Which toxin results in leukocytosis by impairing lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes

Answer 22

Pertussis toxin

Question 23

Acellular pertussis vaccines help protect against disease, prevent infection and transmission (True or False)

Answer 23

False: protect against disease but fails to prevent infection and transmission

Question 24

chemically modified toxin (no longer toxic), but still antigenic; used with Diptheria and Tetanus

Answer 24

toxoid

Question 25

organism inactivated, but intact; used with Pertussis

Answer 25

Whole cell vaccine (acellular vaccine)

Question 26

encapsulated gram - rods that can cause sepsis through nosocomial (hospital) infections; highly antibiotic resistant

Answer 26

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 27

P. aeruginosa is a problem pathogen in patient with ______ because it creates mucoid colonies

Answer 27

CF

Question 28

Encapsulated, Gram + dipplococci bacteria that causes acute pneumonia most commonly in children, elders, and immunocompromised

Answer 28

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 29

What causes acute pneumonia with rusty, blood tinged sputum, typical, lobar pneumonia followed by upper respiratory tract infections

Answer 29

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 30

Vaccines for S. pneumoniae

Answer 30

Pneumovax 23 for adults Prevnar 13 for children

Question 31

Obligate mycobacterium human pathogen that causes chronic walking pneumonia with long incubation period; doesn't gram stain; smallest known free-living organism

Answer 31

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 32

How is M. pneumo transmitted?

Answer 32

respiratory droplets

Question 33

What is required for M. pneumo to cause disease

Answer 33

attachment to respiratory epithelial cells via "attachment organelle"

Question 34

What is secreted by M. pneumo that acts as exotoxin but is not a toxin?

Answer 34

H2O2

Question 35

What non-specific serologic test is often positive for M. pneumo?

Answer 35

Cold agglutinins (RBC agglutinated by IgM at 4 celcius)