Extras

Question 1

What is menorrhagia

Answer 1

Heavy periods

Question 2

What is dysmenorrhoea

Answer 2

Painful periods

Question 3

What is inter-menstrual bleeding

Answer 3

Bleeding between periods

Question 4

What is Post-coital bleeding

Answer 4

Bleeding after intercourse

Question 5

What is oligomenorrhoea

Answer 5

Infrequent periods

Question 6

What is amenorrhoea

Answer 6

Absent periods

Question 7

Describe grade I placenta praevia

Answer 7

Placenta enriches te lover segment of the uterus but not the internal cervical OS

Question 8

Describe grade II placenta praevia

Answer 8

Placenta reaches the internal cervical OS

Question 9

Describe grade III placenta praevia

Answer 9

Placenta eccentrically covers the OS

Question 10

Describe grade IV placenta praevia

Answer 10

Central placenta praaevia

Question 11

What does Bishops score assess

Answer 11

The cervix

Question 12

What does a high Bishops score indicate

Answer 12

A higher indication to perform an amniotomy

Question 13

When can chorionic villus sampling be carried out?

Answer 13

10-14 week

Question 14

What is the miscarriage risk of chorionic villus sampling

Answer 14

1-2%

Question 15

What is the miscarriage risk of amniocentesis

Answer 15

1%

Question 16

Describe the process of amniocentesis

Answer 16

A sample of the amniotic fluid is taken via USS guided

Question 17

When can amniocentesis be carried out?

Answer 17

15 weeks onwards

Question 18

Which can be carried out later CVs or amniocentesis?

Answer 18

Amniocentesis

Question 19

Which has the higher miscarriage risk out of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling

Answer 19

CVS

Question 20

Describe the procedure of chorionic villus sampling

Answer 20

Sample of the placenta is taken and tested

Question 21

What are the 2 types of fetal diagnostic tests

Answer 21

CVS

Amniocentesis

Question 22

What are the 2 tablets given in TOP

Answer 22

Mifepristone

Prostaglandin

Question 23

What is the role of Mifepristone in TOP

Answer 23

Switches of pregnancy hormones

Question 24

What is the role of Prostaglandin in TOP

Answer 24

Initiates uterine contractions which opens the cervix and expels the pregnancy

Question 25

Complications of Top

Answer 25

Failure of TOP Haemorrhage Infection Prolonged bleeding

Question 26

Hows are the pills given in TOP

Answer 26

1st pills is given at a clinic | 2nd pill given to take away at home or in hospital 48hrs later

Question 27

What is oligozoospermia

Answer 27

Decreased number of spermatozoa in semen

Question 28

What is aspermia

Answer 28

Complete lack of sperm

Question 29

What is hypospermia

Answer 29

Reduced seminal volume | Low ejaculate in men

Question 30

What is Azoospermia

Answer 30

absence of sperm in semen

Question 31

Potential causes of azoospermia

Answer 31

``` Absence of vas deferens (CF) Decreased FSH levels Mumps Radiation Vasectomy Anabolic steroid use ```

Question 32

What is teratospermia

Answer 32

Reduced sperm motility

Question 33

What is necrozoospermia

Answer 33

All sperm in ejaculate are dead

Question 34

What is normozoospermia

Answer 34

Semen analysis result that shows normal values of ll ejaculate parameters

Question 35

Difference between pain in placental abruption and placental praevia

Answer 35

Abruption - Pain constant | Praevia - no pain

Question 36

Difference between fetal rate in placenta abruption and placental praevia

Answer 36

Abruption - decreased/distressed | Praevia: Usually normal

Question 37

Difference between fetal lie and presentation in placental abruption and placental praevia

Answer 37

Abruption - Normal lie and presentation Praevia - Both may be abnormal Transverse lie is common

Question 38

Difference between uterus in placenta abruption and placental praevia

Answer 38

Abruption - tender, tense uterus | Praevia - uterus not tender