Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PTRS 746 Exam 1 > Extremity Fracture > Flashcards

Extremity Fracture Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Content: 3 phases of bone healing (with time frame)

A
  1. Inflammatory phase, 1-2 wkls
  2. Reparative phase, months
  3. Remodeling phase, mo-yrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Q: What occurs during the inflammatory phase?

A

Increased vascularity and formation of fracture hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Q: What is the cellular response during the inflammatory phase? (4)

A
  1. Neutrophils 2. Macrophages 3. Phagocytes 4. Osteoclasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Q: What occurs during the reparative phase?

A

Cell differentiation - chondroblasts are mineralized by osteoblasts to form a soft callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Q: What can be seen radiographically during the reparative phase?

A

Fracture line diminishes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Q: What is the risk during the reparative phase?

A

Delayed union or non-union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Q: What occurs during the remodeling phase?

A

Reformation of the medullary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagram: Fill in the following table

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Content: 4 factors of bone healing

A
  1. Age
  2. Location and configuration
  3. Extent of initial displacement
  4. Blood supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Q: Remodeling is _____ ________ in children and _____________ _____________ after early adulthood.

A

Very, rapid, relatively, constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Q: What is the femoral shaft healing time for the following ages? Birth, 8 yo, 12 yo, 20 yo

A

3 wks, 8 wks, 12 wks, 20 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Q: Fractures surrounded by __________ heal faster

A

Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Cortical bone heals faster than cancellous bone

A

False, flip it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Long oblique and spiral fractures heal faster than transverse fractures

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Q: Non-displaced fractures with ________ periosteal sleave heal _______ as fast as displaced fractures.

A

Intact, twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Q: Greater initial displacement = ?

A

More extensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Q: Periosteal sleeve disruption = ?

A

Prolonged healing time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Q: What is the healing prognosis is all fracture fragments have blood supply?

A

Excellent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Q: If only some fragments have blood supply, what is the course of action?

A

Rigid immoblization to allow for vascularized fragments to serve as “hosts” to unvascularized fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Content: Initial complications due to local injuries to… (5)

A
  1. Skin
  2. Vascular
  3. Neurologic
  4. Muscular
  5. Visceral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Content: Early complications - local (3)

A
  1. Infection, gangrene, septic arthritis
  2. Compartment syndrome
  3. Osteomyelitis, avascular necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Content: Early complications - remote (3)

A
  1. Thrombus/embolus formation
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Tetanus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Content: Late complications - joint (2)

A
  1. Persistent pain or stiffness
  2. Post-traumatic DJD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Content: Late complications - bony (5)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Abnormal healing
  2. Growth disturbance
  3. Persistent ostemyelitis
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
25
Content: Late complications - muscular (2)
1. Myositis ossificans 2. tendon rupture
26
Defn: Increased pressure with fasical compartment (esp. anterior LE) due to edema or hematoma within closed space
Acute Compartment syndrome
27
Q: What are the 3 signs of acute compartment syndrome?
1. Painful 2. Edematous, tight 3. Absent or significantly diminished pulse
28
Q: How is chronic compartment syndrome different than acute?
Chronic is due to muscular expansion or decreased size of anatomical compartment
29
Content: Heterotropic ossification (3)
1. Soft tissue ossification, usually periarticular 2. most commonly involves hip or knee 3. unknown etiology
30
Content: 5 risk factors for heterotropic ossification
1. Neurologic involvement 2. Open wounds/burns 3. Sepsis 4. Prolonged critical illness 5. Aggressive ROM
31
Content: 6 ways fractures are described
1. Anatomic location 2. Fracture location 3. Direction 4. Alignment 5. Articular involvement 6. Open/Closed
32
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Transverse
33
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Oblique
34
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Spiral
35
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Longitudinal
36
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Comminuted
37
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Impacted
38
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Depressed
39
Diagram: Identify the type of fracture
Avulsion
40
T/F: Avulsion fractures are more common in children, esp. at growth plates.
True
41
Content: Fracture mechanics - cortical bone (2)
1. Tolerant to compression and shear forces 2. Fractures due ot tension - bending, twisting, pulling
42
Q: Who is cortical bone more flexible in?
Children
43
Q: A cortical bone fracture caused by an angulatory tension force (in children) is called a?
Greenstick fracture
44
Q: What type of forces are cancellous bone susceptible to?
Compression forces
45
Diagram: Salter-harris classificaiton of growth plate injuries
46
Content: Salter Harris Classification - Type 1 (Description, Tx, Px)
D: run directly along the growth plates, vital portions of growth plate remain attached to the epiphysis Tx: Rarely reduced, immobilization to fully heal Px: Excellent if blood supply is intact
47
Content: Salter Harris Classification - Type 2 (Description, Tx, Px)
D: Runs along the grwoth plate and includes a triangular metaphyseal fragment Tx: Reduction and immobilization Px: Good
48
Q: Which type of Salter-Harris classification is most common?
Type 2
49
Content: Salter Harris Classification - Type 3 (Description, Tx, Px)
D: Run along part of growth plate and turn perpendicularly into the joint Tx: Surgery to restore joint surface Px: Good if blood supply to separated portion is intact
50
Content: Salter Harris Classification - Type 4 (Description, Tx, Px)
D: Run from epiphysis across the growth plate and into the metaphysis Tx: Surgery to restore joint surface and align growth plate Px: May cause premature focal fusion and joint deformity
51
Content: Salter Harris Classification - Type 5 (Description, Px)
D: Compression of growth plate results in a growth disturbance Px: Poor
52
Q: What type of Salter-Harris Classification is not often recognized at the time of injury?
Type 5
53
Q: What Salter-Harris classification is an injury to perichondrial ring may cause physis to tether to bone, hindering growth?
Type 6
54
Q: What are the two main types of fracture management?
Reduction and immobilization
55
Content: 2 types of fracture reduction
1. Open 2. Closed
56
Content: 4 types of immobilization
1. Casting 2. Splinting 3. External fixation 4. Internal fixation
57
Q: What 4 things should be considered for a PT fracture intervention?
1. MOI 2. Age 3. Functional needs/demands 4. Type of immobilizaiton/orthopedic plan of care
58
Q: What 5 things does a PT fracture intervention entail?
1. Preserve/Improve ROM 2. Increase mobility 3. ADL training 4. Education 5. Wound care
59
Q: What can cause an avulsion fracture?
Musculature is stronger than the developing bone can handle

PTRS 746 Exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions