"Special" Fractures Flashcards by Kelsy Schoen

Q: Many common fractures are name for what 2 things?

MOI 2. 1st Dr. to describe the pattern

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Description: Disruption of extensor mechanism, often associated with avulsion fracture

Mallet, drop, or baseball finger

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MOI: Forced flexion of extended DIP

Mallet, drop, or baseball finger

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Rx: Splint in extension 6 wks, then initiate AROM

Mallet, drop, or baseball finger

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MOI: Fall onto outstretched hand or FOOSH

Scaphoid fracture or Colles’ fracture or dinner force deformity

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Rx: Closed reduction and casting; ORIF and bone grafting if avascular

Scaphoid fracture

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Q: AVN and non-union are frequent complications of which fracture?

Scaphoid fracture

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MOI: Axial loading into hyperextension and UD caused by high energy impact.

Perilunate fracture/dislocation

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Rx. Immediate ORIF

Perilunate fracture/dislocation

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Q: Perilunate fracture/dislocation typically occurs in what population?

Young adults

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Q: Which fracture is devastating but often missed or misdiagnosed?

Perilunate fracture/dislocation

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Description: Fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpal

Boxer’s fracture

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MOI: Usually a blow with a clenched fist

Boxer’s fracture

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Rx: Closed reduction and casting; ORIF if significant displacement

Boxer’s fracture

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Description: Fracture/dislocaiton of base of 1st metacarpal, can be highly functionally limiting

Bennett’s Fracture

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MOI: Axial loading of a partially flexed thumb

Bennett’s Fracture

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Rx: Closed reduction with thumb spica or ORIF

Bennett’s Fracture

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Description: Transverse fracture of distal radius with dorsal/lateral displacement

Colles’ fracture or dinner force deformity

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Q: What fracture is common in post-menopausal women?

Colles’ fracture or dinner force deformity

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Rx: closed reduction and casting if not comminuted; ORIF if comminuted

Colles’ fracture or dinner force deformity or Smith’s fracture

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Description: Fracture of the distal radius with palmar/medical displacement

Smith’s fracture

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Q: What fracture is common in young men, usually a fall or blow to the back of the hand.

Smith’s fracture

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MOI: Fall onto flexed or pronated wrist.

Smith’s fracture

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Description: Fracture of proximal or mid 1/3 ulna with radial head dislocation

Monteggia fracture

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MOI: FOOSH or direct blow (MVA)

Monteggia fracture or Galeazzi fracture

Rx: Usually ORIF or rigid immobilization

Monteggia fracture or Galeazzi fracture

Description: Fracture of distal 1/3 of radius with distal radioulnar joint distruption

Galeazzi fracture

Description: Valgus force impaction of capitellum onto radial head

Radial head fracture

MOI: Axial loading on a pronated and partially flexed or outstretched arm

Radial head fracture

Rx: Usually ORIF, rarely closed reduction with casting or early ROM

Radial head fracture

Description: may be diaphyseal (younger), proximal (older), or distal (children)

Humeral fracture

MOI: FOOSH, elbow or direct blow

Humeral fracture

Rx: Often closed reduction and immbolization (80%), otherwise ORIF

Humeral fracture

Description: common in children, periosteal sleeve remains intact

Greenstick fracture

MOI: Usually bending force, fall or direct blow

Greenstick fracture

Rx: Cast immobilization

Greenstick fracture

Description: typically affects middle 1/3 of clavicle

Clavicle fracture

MOI: fall onto or direct blow to the shoulder

Clavicle fracture

Rx: Figure 8 sling for nondisplaced fractures; rarely ORIF if displaced

Clavicle fracture

Description: may be related to osteoporosis, metastatic disease, TKA

Femoral shaft fracture

MOI: Usually high energy trauma e.g. MVA, often accompanied by significant soft tissue trauma

Femoral shaft fracture

Rx: IM nailing, ORIF, or external fixation

Femoral shaft fracture or Tibial shaft fracture

Description: critical lode bearing area, often associated with meniscal and/or ligamentous damage

Tibial plateau fracture

MOI: Valgus force with axial loading

Tibial plateau fracture

Rx: Functional bracing, ORIF if displaced \> 5mm

Tibial plateau fracture

Q: What is the most commonly fractured long bone?

Tibia(l shaft fracture)

MOI: Usually high energy trauma

Tibial shaft fracture

Description: considered intra-articular and prone to avascular necrosis

Talus fracture

MOI: Fall from height or trauma

Talus fracture

Rx: ORIF and immobilization

Talus fracture

MOI: fall from height

Calcaneal fracture

Rx: Strict immobilization and elevation, then protected WB, possible ORIF

Calcaneal fracture