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CMT-uno > Eye 1 > Flashcards

Eye 1 Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

PTERYGIUM

general

A

slow-growing thickening of the
bulbar conjunctiva that may extend onto
the corneal surface

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2
Q

Pterygium

RF

A

Increased UV light exposure in sunny climates
Sand, wind, dust exposure

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3
Q

Pterygium

Clin Man

A

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Elevated, superficial fleshy, triangular-shaped growing fibrocartilage mass
➤ Usually starts medially and extends laterally
➤ Irritation, erythema, foreign body sensation
➤ Can impair vision

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4
Q

Pterygium

Tx

A

Observation, artificial tears
➤ Affected vision: surgical removal
➤ Recurrent pterygium may be more symptomatic and problematic to remove because of scarring

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5
Q

Pinguecula

general

A

slow growing thickening of the
bulbar conjunctiva that remains confined
to the conjunctiva

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6
Q

Pinguecula

RF

A

Eye irritation- dry, windy, sunny
conditions
Ocular trauma

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7
Q

Pinguecula

clin man

A

➤ Yellowish, slightly elevated nodule most commonly found in the nasal side of
the sclera
➤ Does NOT grow onto the cornea

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8
Q

Pinguecula

Tx

A

no Tx necessary
cosmetic: surgical resection

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9
Q

Hordeolum

General

A

➤ General: Localized abscess of the eyelid margin
➤ Increased risk with seborrheic dermatitis,
rosacea
➤ Internal or external
➤ Etiology: S. aureus

stye

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10
Q

Hordeolum

pathophys

A

Internal: inflammation or infection of a
meibomian gland found deep from the
palpebral margin under the eyelid

External: infection of an eyelash follicle or
external sebaceous gland near the lid margin
with production of pus in the gland of Moll or
Zeis

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11
Q

Hordeolum

Clin Man

A

Localized erythematous, painful, warm, tender nodule or pustule on the eyelid

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12
Q

Hordeolum

Tx
Mainstay and if persistent

A

➤ Mainstay: warm compresses
➤ May need incision and drainage or topical antibiotic ointment
➤ Erythromycin or bacitracin

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13
Q

Chalazion

general

A

General: painless indurated
granulomatous inflammation of the
internal meibomian sebaceous gland
away from the eyelid margin

Pathophysiology: obstruction of the Zeis
or Meibomian glan

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14
Q

Chalazion

Clin man

A

Nontender, localized edema and conjunctival nodule

Tend to be larger, firmer, slower growing, less painful than styes

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15
Q

Chalazion

Tx
Initial and refractory

A

➤ Eyelid hygiene, warm compresses
➤ Refractory: ophthalmology referral – may need glucocorticoid injection or incision
and curettage

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16
Q

Ectropian

RF and patho

A

Risk Factors:
➤ Elderly
➤ Associated with cranial nerve 7
palsy
➤ Can be congenital or infectious

Pathophysiology
➤ Relaxation of the orbicularis oculi
muscle

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17
Q

Ectropian

PE and Clin Man

A

Physical Exam Findings
➤ Eyelid and lashes are everted (turned outward)

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Irritation, ocular dryness, tearing, sagging of the eyelid, increased sensitivity

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18
Q

Ectropian

Tx

A

➤ Lubricating eyedrops, moisture shield
➤ Surgical correction if desired

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19
Q

Entropian

General

Study These Flashcards
A

Risk Factors:
➤ Elderly

Pathophysiology
➤ Spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle

20
Q

Entropian

PE and Clin Man

Study These Flashcards
A

Physical Exam Findings
➤ Eyelid and lashes are inverted (turned inward)

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Erythema, tearing, increased sensitivity
➤ Corneal abrasion or ulceration

21
Q

Entropian

Tx

Study These Flashcards
A

➤ Lubricating eyedrops, moisture shield
➤ Surgical correction if desired

22
Q

Blepharitis

General

Study These Flashcards
A

General: inflammation of the eyelid margin.
➤ Two types: anterior and posterior (most
common)
➤ Risk Factors
➤ Down syndrome, atopic dermatitis, rosacea,
seborrheic dermatitis

23
Q

Blepharitis

patho

Study These Flashcards
A

Pathophysiology
Anterior: Infectious or viral, S. aureus or S. epidermis, Seborrheic (most common)

Posterior: meibomian gland dysfunction

24
Q

Blepharitis

Clin Man

Study These Flashcards
A

Clinical Manifestations
Burning, erythema, crusting, scaling, red rimming of the eyelid, gritty sensation,
flaking on the lashes or lid margins

+/- entropion or ectropion

25
# Blepharitis Tx
➤ Eyelid hygiene – warm compresses, island scrub, gentle eyelid massage, artificial tears ➤ Baby shampoo, OccuSoft lid scrub ➤ Severe or refractory – topical or oral antibiotics, topical glucocorticoids ➤ Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Ofloxacin are most commonly used in practice
26
# Dacrocystitis General
General: infection of the lacrimal sac ➤ Chronic: caused by non infectious inflammatory disorders such as Sjorgren syndrome, thyroid disease ➤ Etiology: S. epidermis, S. aureus, GABHS, Pseudomonas ➤ Pathophysiology: obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct
27
# Dacrryocystitis Clin Man
Acute: tearing, tenderness, edema, erythema, warmth to the inferior medial canthal side/lower lid area May have purulent discharge Chronic: Mucopurulent drainage from the puncta without other signs of infection
28
# Dacryoocystitis Tx
➤ Acute: oral antibiotics (Clindamycin) + warm compresses ➤ Chronic: dacrocystorhinostomy
29
# Viral conjunctivitis General
General: inflammation of the conjunctiva most commonly caused by adenovirus ➤ Most common in children ➤ May have preceding/accompanying viral symptoms ➤ Transmission: direct contact ➤ Common source: swimming pools
30
# Viral conjunctivitis Clin Man
➤ Often bilateral ➤ Foreign body/gritty sensation, ocular erythema, tearing with watery discharge , itching ➤ Normal vision
31
# Viral conjunctivitis PE
➤ Ipsilateral enlarged and tender preauricular lymphadenopathy ➤ Copious watery tearing ➤ Tarsal conjunctiva may have a follicular or bumpy appearance
32
# Viral conjunctivitis Tx
Supportive - warm/cool compresses, artificial tears, antihistamines (olopatadine)
33
# BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS general and Dx
General: inflammation of the conjunctiva in response to bacterial infection ➤ Causative agents ➤ Adults: S. aureus ➤ S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis ➤ Contact lens: pseudomonas ➤ Diagnosis: clinical
34
# bacterial conjunctivitis Clin man
Clinical Manifestations ➤ Painless mucopurulent discharge, crusting, conjunctival erythema without ciliary injection ➤ “My eyelids are crusted shut in the morning” ➤ Typically no vision change
35
# Bacterial conjunctivitis Tx
Topical antibiotics - erythromycin ointment, trimethoprim- polymixinB, ofloxacin Contact lens use: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin
36
# Allergic conjunctivitis general
inflammation of the conjunctiva in response to contact with an allergen Most common in children with atopy Pathophysiology: Type I(IgE) reaction causing local mast cell degranulation and histamine release
37
# allergic conjunctivitis clin man
Clinical Manifestations ➤ Conjunctival erythema, watery discharge, marked pruritis ➤ May have other allergic symptoms – nasal congestion, sneezing ➤ Normal vision Cobblestone mucosa
38
# Allergic conjunctivitis PE
**Cobblestone mucosa**, watery stringy discharge, conjunctival edema
39
# allergic coonjunctivitis Tx
➤ Supportive measures with topical antihistamine (olopatadine, pheniramine-naphazoline)
40
# Gonococcal conjunctivitis general and complications
infection caused by the transmission of neisseria gonorrhoeae by direct contact with genital secretions ➤ Also known as Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in neonates ➤ Untreated cases can lead to meningitis and blindness ➤ Typically acquired during delivery, with symptom onset of occurring in days 2–5
41
# Gonococcal conjunctivitis Dx
PCR, gram stain
42
# gonococcal conjunctivitis clin man
Clinical Manifestations ➤ Conjunctival injection, chemosis, eyelid edema ➤ Mucopurulent discharge ➤ Tenderness of globe ➤ Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy
43
# Gonococcal conjunctivitis Tx
➤ Prevention - erythromycin ophthalmic ointment ➤ Symptomatic - IM ceftriaxone or IM cefotaxime
44
# Chlamydial conjunctivtis general
General: infection caused by the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K via direct contact with genital secretions ➤ Leading cause of preventable blindness of infectious origin ➤ Incubation: 2-19 days ➤ Association with concurrent genital infection
45
# Chlamydial conjunctivitis Dx
PCR, gram stain
46
# Chlamydial conjunctivitis CLin man
Clinical Manifestations ➤ Unilateral mucopurlent discharge, hyperemic tarsal conjunctiva ➤ Marked tarsal follicular response ➤ Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy ➤ Occasional superior corneal opacity and vascularization
47
# Chlamydial conjunctivitis Tx
Oral antibiotic – azithromycin or doxycycline Treat partners as well

CMT-uno (54 decks)

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