EYE Flashcards by Lisane Bate

Boundaries of the Eye

Superior Wall: orbital part of the front bone, lesser wing of the sphenoid

Superolateral: lacrimal fossa, supraorbital notch

Medial Wall: orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

Inferior wall: orbital surface of maxilla (partially of the zygomatic and palatine bones)

Lateral wall: frontal process of zygomatic bones and greater wing of sphenoid

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Nerves that transmits in the Superior Orbital Fissure

Upper and Lower divisions of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
branches of V1: lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, nasociliary nerve
superior opthalmic vein and inferior opthalmic veins
and sympathetic nerves

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thin membrane which covers all except the corneal portion

separates the eyeball to all other fat tissues

Bulbar Sheath/Fascial of the eyeball/Tenon’s capsule

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parasympathetically stimulated, this muscle decreases the pupil’s diameter

Sphincter Pupillae

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Sympathetically stimulated, this muscle increases its diameter

Dilator Pupillae

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space where the tears would drain into

Lacrimal Punctum

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Protects the eye from injury and excessive light
Keeps cornea moist by spreading lacrimal fluid
Covered externally by thin skin and internally by transparent mucous membrane (palpebral conjunctiva)

Eyelids

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elliptical opening between the eyelids

Palpebral fissure

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part of the conjunctiva refleted onto the eyeball where it is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva
the lines of reflection onto the eyeball form deep recesses called the superior and inferior conjunctival fornices

Palpebral conjunctiva

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part of the conjunctiva that is thin and transparent attaches loosely to the anterior surface of the eyeball

Bulbar conjunctiva

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Space bound by the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae
closed space when the eyelids are closed but open via palpebral fissure
forms a mucosal bursa onto which eyelid can move freely over the eyeball

Conjunctival Sac

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glands embedded in the tarsi which give off lipid secretion lubricating the edge of the eyelids and prevents them from sticking together when they close
forms a barrier that lacrimal fluid does not cross when produced in normal amounts

Tarsal Glands

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Glands in the eyelid’s skin associated to the hair follicles of the eyes

Sebaceous glands of zeis

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Glands in the eyelid’s skin that is associated between follicles

Sweat Glands of Moll

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classify sweat glands of Moll

Simple Coiled Tubular

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A superior tarsal muscle that aids levator palpebrae superioris in elevating the upper eyelid

Muscle of Muller

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Numerous modified sebaceous glands that are always found at the tarsofacial layer near the tarsus muscle

Its lipid secretion prevents overflow of tears, keeps eyelids tightly shut and prevents eyelids from sticking together

Meibomian/Tarsal Glands

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Kind of epithelium in eyelid’s skin

Stratified Squamus keratinized epithelium

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Kind of cells in palpebral conjunctiva

low columnar stratified cells

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Kind of sweat glands: Glands of Moll

Modified Apocrine Sweat Glands

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Tears are caused by what kind of innervations (Parasympathetic or Sympathetic)

Parasympathetic

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Lacrimal Gland (Type and Morphology)

Type of secretion: Serous

Morphology: compound tubuloalveolar/ Tubuloacinar

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provides some nutrients and oxygen to cornea

watery physiological saline containing lysozyme which moistens and lubricates the surfaces of the conjunctiva and cornea

Lacrimal Fluid

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Nerve that stimulates lacrimation

Facial Nerve

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Brings both types of fibers to the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic nerve by which they enter the gland

Zygomatice Nerve (from the maxillary nerve)

broadens into a wide bilaminar aponeurosis as it approaches its distal attachments antagonist of the superior half of the orbicularis oculi, the sphincter of the of the palpebral fissure

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Origin of Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Insertion of Superior, Inferior, Medial and Lateral Recti Muscles

The muscles insert at the RECTUS MUSCLE

Inferior Oblique: Origin and Insertion

orign: floor of orbit insertions: deep to lateral rectus muscle

Inferior Oblique: Main Action, Innervation

``` Action: Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks upward and laterally ABDUCTOR EXTORTER Innervation: OculomotorNerve (CN III) ```

Superior Oblique: Main Action, Innervation

Main Action: Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks downward and laterally ABDUCTOR Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

Recti muscles: Superior, Inferior, Medial innervation Action

OculomotorNerve (CN III) | ADDUCTOR

Lateral Rectus: Innervation, Action

``` Abducent Nerve (CN VI) ABDUCTOR ```

Muscles that are DEPRESSORS

Superior Oblique and Inferior Rectus

Muscles that are ELEVATORS

Inferior Oblique and Superior Rectus

Branch of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery provide series of branches to the extraocular structures within orbital globe

Ophthalmic Artery

Branch of the ophthalmic artery supple to innerportion of retina Obstruction: blindness and retinal atrophy

Central artery (retina) - intrinsic artery

Ciliary arteries that supply to Choroid Ciliary plexus

choroid: long posterior ciliary a. | ciliary plexus: long posterior ciliary a.

Vein that drains into the Ophthalmic Vein

Vorticose Vein

Main venous drainage and passes through the superior orbital fissure

Superior ophthalmic vein

drains directly to the Cavernous Vein

Central Retinal Vein

encircles the anterior chamber of the eye, route where aqueous humor flows into and brought back into circulation

Scleral venous sinus/Canal of Schlemm

exclusively supplies the layer of rods and cones

Choriocapillaris

Components of the Outer or Fibrous layer

Sclera and Cornea

Components of the Middle or Vascular layer

Choroid, Ciliary Body and Iris

Components of the Interior or Nervous

Retina

Components of Posterior Wall of Eye

Macula Lutea

Protects delicate internal structures provides sites for muscle insertion "White of the eye" Dense connective tissue: Type I collage bundles

Sclera

5 Layers of the cornea

a. External Stratified Squamous Epi b. Anterior Limitng Membrane (Bowman's membrane) c. Stroma/Substantia Propia d. Duas Layer/Predescement's Membrane e. Posterior Limiting Membrane (Decemet's Membrane) f. Inner Squamous Epithelium

Layer of Cornea that ontributesto stability and strength of cornea helps protect against infection of underlying stroma

Anterior Limiting Membrane/ Bowman's Membrane

cytoplasmic extensions of flattened fibroblast-like cells

keratocytes

responsible for maintaing a state of hydration within the cornea to provide maximum transparency and optimal light reflection

Inner Simple Squamous Epithelium

highly vascular membrane that is abundant with melanocytes between sclera and retina prevents light from entering the eyeball except through the pupil responsible for the red in flash photography

Choroid

3 layers of Choroid

Choriocapillary lamina Bruch's membrane Suprachoroidal lamina

elevated zone in teh anterior portion of the choroid layer thickening of the layer posterior to corneoscleral junction connects choroid with the circumference of the iris support attachment for the lens Has 2 regions

Ciliary Body

secretes aqueous humour low columnar epithelial cell which covers the whole process

ciliary epithelium

Prevents light from entering the eye except at the pupil Anterior and Posterior Chamber Double low columnar epithelium

Iris

Important part of blood-retina barrier Absosrb light passing through retina to prevent its reflection phagocytose shed components from adjacent rods and cones isomerize and regenerate the retinoids used as chromophobes by the rods and cones

Pigmented Layer (Retinal Pigment Epithelium) resting on Bruch's membrane

neural layer would detach from pigment epithelium; results in blondspot

Retinal Detachmen

image forming photoreceptors of the outer retina | light is absorbed by visual pigments rhodopsin

Rods and Cones

Refractory Components of the eyeball

Cornea, Aqueous Humor, Lens, Vitreous Humor

contains hyaluronic acid, very thin collagen fibers, glycosaminoglycans and some proteins transmits incoming light contributes to intraocular pressure of the eye

Vitreous Body and Vitreous Humor

Produces by ciliary process flows from posterior chamber bathes non vascular cornea and lens as well as supplies them with nutrients and oxygen

Aqueous Humor

Lesion in the nerve that innervate the levator palpebrae superioris and muscle of Muller

Ptosis

inflammation of glands of zeis and moll

Hordeoulum/Sty

Inflamatory lipogranuloma involving Meibomian gland

Chalazion

Hardening of lens due to aging

Presbyopia

Loss of of normal transparency of lens

cataract

increase in intraocular pressure due to accumulation of aqueous humor

glaucoma

EYE Flashcards

(69 cards)