eye

Question 1

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 1

mitosis, ipsilateral ptosis, anhydrosis

Question 2

monocular diplopia

Answer 2

usually intrinsic to the eye
corneal abrasions, uncorrected refractive error, cataract, formal traction, occasionally malingering

Question 3

binocular diplopia

Answer 3

alleviated by covering one eye
side by side or vertical
causes- infectious, new[lastic, ,metabolic, degenerative, inflammatory, vascular
if eye movements full, ocular misalignment is bilateral > strabismus
myasthenia can cause diplopia > IV edrophonium ink > transient reversal of eye muscle weakness.

Question 4

ocular motor n innervation (CN III)

Answer 4

medial, inferior and superior recti
inferior oblique,
lavator palpabrae superioris and iris sphincter.
total palsy> dilated pupil, leaves the eye down and out - unopposed action of lateral ractus and superior oblique
lesion of ocular motor nucleus: rostral midbrain > bilateral ptosis (lavator m innervated by single central sub nucleus. weakness on the contralateral superior rectus as it is supplied by oculomotor nucleus on the other side.
CNIII palsy with pupil involvement with pain > compressive lesion > tumour or circle of willis aneurysm