Eye Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is dry eye
- symptoms
- risk factors
stinging, burning, itching sensation
eye redness and grittiness
watery eyes
blurred vision
high caffeine and alcohol intake
high screen time
wearing contacts
blepharitis
What is treatment for dry eyes?
hypromellose - ocufresh, xailin hydrate
carbomer - clinitas, ocufresh, viscotears
sodium hyaluronate - blink intensive, eyeaze, hycosan, hylo-tear
carmellose sodium - visuXL
polyvinyl alcohol - liquifilm
Liquid paraffin with white soft paraffin and wool alcohols - xailin
What is lifestyle advice for dry eyes?
increase water intake
use humidifiers
lid hygiene and massage
avoid AC
reduce screen time, make sure screen is below eye line
don’t rub eyes
reduce alcohol and caffeine intake
reduce contact lenses use
What is bacterial conjunctivitis vs allergic conjunctivitis
- symptoms
- risk factors
bacterial
- redness, yellow/green discharge, eyes stuck together upon waking
- usually one eye
- infections
allergic
- redness, watery discharge, accompanied by flu-like symptoms
- both eyes
- cold, allergens
What is treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis vs allergic conjunctivitis?
bacterial
- chloramphenicol: apply 2 hourly for 48 hrs then 4 hourly for 3 days
- continue for 48hrs after resolving
allergic
- oral antihistamine
- sodium chromoglicate
stop wearing contacts while treating
What is a stye
- symptoms
- risk factors
- treatment
painful, red bump on the edge of the eye
eye lid pain and swelling
eye makeup, dry skin, diabetes
self limiting
analgesics, warm compress, clean eyelids
don’t pop or squeeze
What is blepharitis
- symptoms
- risk factors
- treatment
red, swollen, sore, itchy eyes/eyelids
greasy and crusted scales clinging to eyes, difficult to open
flaking of skin
dry eye disease, seborrhoeic dermatitis
eye lid hygiene, warm compress, eye lid massage
antibiotics - topical chloramphenicol or oral but will reoccur
What is glaucoma
- symptoms
- risk factors
redness, cloudiness
halos while looking at light
blurred vision
pain, nausea, vomiting - emergency
age, family history
corticosteroid use, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertensionW
What are the treatment options for glaucoma?
1st line - prostaglandin analogue: latanoprost, travoprost
2nd line - alternative prostaglandin analogue
3rd line - beta blocker: timolol, betaxolol
4th line - carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: brinzolamide, dorzolamide
5th line - brimonidine, apraclonide, pilocarpine
What are the side effects for prostaglandin analogues?
eye discomfort
dry eyes
eye inflammation
*hyperpigmentation of peri-ocular skin
*changes in eye colour - brown pigmentation
*darkening, thickening, lengthening of eye lashes
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
local
- ocular stinging, burning, itching, erythema
systemic
- bradycardia, dyspnoea, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, headache
When are prostaglandin analogues contraindicated?
herpes eye infections
What should be monitored for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
urea and electrolytes
