eye

Question 1

where is the eye derived from

Answer 1

meso and ectoderm

Question 2

what is mesodermally derived

Answer 2

fibrous coats

Question 3

ectoderm creates

Answer 3

lens retina cornea and pigmented layers

Question 4

how many tunics

Answer 4

3

Question 5

name the 3 tunics

Answer 5

fibrous, vascular, and nervous/retina

Question 6

fibrious tunic is composed of

Answer 6

sclera and cornea

Question 7

what is sclera

Answer 7

white part of eye

Question 8

what is role of sclera

Answer 8

• maintain shape if inside eye pressure increases

- tiny openings allow structures to pass through

Question 9

what structures pass through the eye

Answer 9

blood vessels

neurons

Question 10

what attaches to the sclera

Answer 10

extra ocular muscles

Question 11

anteriorly: what is sclera lined w/….what are the transitions between

Answer 11

conjunctiva, transition to cornea at limbus

Question 12

posteriorly: continuous w/ fibrous sheath that covers which cn

Answer 12

2

Question 13

what part of sclera is opaque

Answer 13

sclera

Question 14

what is the anterior part called

Answer 14

cornea

Question 15

describe cornea

Answer 15

clear, transparent

Question 16

primary role of cornea

Answer 16

refractory

Question 17

convex anterior or post

Answer 17

ant

Question 18

list the 5 layers of cornea from ant to post

Answer 18

corneal epithelium, anterior limiting lamina, substantia propria, posterior limiting lamina, endothelium

Question 19

what part is composed of the choroid, ciliariary body, and iris

Answer 19

vascular tunic

Question 20

choroid blood supply

Answer 20

rich

Question 21

where is choroid firmly attached to sclera

Answer 21

where the optic nerve penetrates it

Question 22

what is special about choroid and light

Answer 22

it is dark pigmented to limit the passage of light

Question 23

what is the ciliary body continuous with

Answer 23

choroid and iris

Question 24

what does the ciliary body produce

Answer 24

aqueous fluid and GAGs of vitrous body

Question 25

contraction of ciliary muscle allows lens to become ____ allow for ________ vision

Answer 25

convex; near

Question 26

what is the colored part of the eye

Answer 26

iris

Question 27

which part of eye has cooling effect

Answer 27

choroid : vascular tunic

Question 28

where is ciliary muscle located

Answer 28

ciliary body

Question 29

which two muscles are in the iris

Answer 29

sphicter pupillae and dilator pupillae

Question 30

what suspends the lens

Answer 30

ciliary body

Question 31

which iris muscle is regulated by para ; symp

Answer 31

sphincter pupillae; dilaror pupillae

Question 32

retina is the outgrowth of..

Answer 32

diencephelon

Question 33

what does retina contact internally, externally

Answer 33

vitreous body, choroid

Question 34

10 layers of retina: external to internal

Answer 34

``` pigmented layer rods and cones external limiting membrane outer nuclear layer outer plexiform layer inner nuclear layer inner plexiform layer ganglion cell layer nerve fiber layer internal limiting membrane ```

Question 35

name 5 cells involved in vision pathway

Answer 35

``` photoreceptors inner nuclear layer cells ganglionic layer cells lateral geniculate body brodman area 17 of occipital lobe ```

Question 36

what structures are available on funduscopic exam

Answer 36

optic disc, macula lutea

Question 37

t/f optic disc contains no photoreceptors

Answer 37

t

Question 38

what is the darker area at the center of the fundus

Answer 38

macula lutea

Question 39

what is the middle of the maculae lutea

Answer 39

fovea centralis

Question 40

where does the optic nerve attach to the eyeball

Answer 40

optic disc

Question 41

what are the only photoreceptors in macula lutea

Answer 41

cones

Question 42

name the refractory components of the eyeball

Answer 42

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body

Question 43

what is the most anterior refractory structure

Answer 43

cornea

Question 44

what is clear fluid secreted by ciliary process found on the post part of ciliary body

Answer 44

aqueous humor

Question 45

what is aqueous humor secreted into

Answer 45

posterior chamber

Question 46

describe path of aqueous humor

Answer 46

passes through pupil into anternior chamber, then laterally, leaving eyeball through scleral venous sinus

Question 47

what results from inc. pressure from anterior segment of eyeball

Answer 47

glaucoma

Question 48

describe of lens

Answer 48

transparent, biconvex, avascular

Question 49

t/f inc. concavity allows for near vision

Answer 49

f: convexity

Question 50

lens gets harder w/ age->more difficult ___ vision

Answer 50

presbyopia; near

Question 51

lens becomes less transparent

Answer 51

cataracts

Question 52

what fills posterior segment

Answer 52

vitreous body

Question 53

what connects optic n and post aspect of lens

Answer 53

hyaloid canal

Question 54

what seperates anterior segment from posterior segment

Answer 54

lens

Question 55

hyaloid canal is fxnal infetuses or adults

Answer 55

fetuses, contained fetal hyaloid artery

Question 56

accessory structures of the eye

Answer 56

extraocular muscles, lacrimal appararus, tarsal glands

Question 57

name parts of lacrimal appararus

Answer 57

lacrimal glands, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct

Question 58

what secretes tears

Answer 58

lacrimal glands

Question 59

what drains tears and to where

Answer 59

lacrimal ducts; lacrimal sac

Question 60

lacrimal sac is where

Answer 60

groove between lacrimal bone and maxilla

Question 61

nascolacrimal duct drains tears to

Answer 61

interior nasal meatus

Question 62

where are tarsal glands

Answer 62

located in each eyelid

Question 63

all arteries to eye are branches of

Answer 63

opthalmic artery

Question 64

what artery runs between sclera and cornea

Answer 64

long posterior ciliary artery, medial and lateral

Question 65

what is purpose of tarsal glands

Answer 65

reduce evaporation of tears through release of oily substance

Question 66

how many arteries form a ring around the optic nerve

Answer 66

6-12 short ciliary

Question 67

which arteries arch over/under eyeball

Answer 67

3-4 over 3-4 under | anterior ciliary arteries

Question 68

what does the central retinal artery travel w/

Answer 68

optic nerve

Question 69

name veins that drain the eye

Answer 69

anterior ciliary, long posterior ciliary, central retinal vein

Question 70

which branch of V supplies the eye

Answer 70

nasociliary of ophthalmic divison

Question 71

what is sensory for ciliary body, iris, and cornea

Answer 71

long ciliary nerves

Question 72

what is the only artery that supplies retina

Answer 72

central retinal artery

Question 73

what nerves are sensory for the eyeball

Answer 73

short ciliary nerves

Question 74

t/f post para fibers follow a similar path as symp and supply the ciliaris and dilator pupillae

Answer 74

f: sphincter pupillae

Question 75

post symp fibers from which plexus reach ciliaris and dilator pupillae

Answer 75

cavernous