Eye Flashcards

Question

glaucoma

Answer 1

Group of ocular diseases resulting in increased IOP Common cause of blindness Age-related Usually painless Patient unaware of a gradual reduction in vision Primary open-angle glaucoma Angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 2

the onset is acute and the patient will have sudden, severe pain around the eyes that will radiate over the face. The person will have headache or brow pain and N/V may occur. Other s/s may include seeing halos around lights, sudden blurred vision with a decreased light perception. The sclera may appear reddened and the cornea foggy.

Answer 3

Cupping and atrophy of the optic disc; disc wider and deeper and turns white or gray Visual field measurement Headache or brow pain, nausea and vomiting, colored halos around lights, and sudden blurred vision with decreased light perception

Answer 4

``` Tonometry Measures IOP Perimetry Visual field testing Gonioscopy Assess whether open or closed angle Optic nerve imaging Visualizes the optic nerve ```

Answer 5

Retinal blood vessel complication Retinopathy worsened with poor glucose control Background diabetic retinopathy Microaneurysms Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Laser therapy Vitrectomy performed if frequent bleeding into the vitreous occurs

Answer 6

The macula—the area of central vision—deteriorates. Degeneration can be atrophic age-related (dry) or exudative (wet). Rod and cone photoreceptors die. Central vision declines; patient describes “mild blurring” and “distortion.”

Answer 7

``` Dry AMD No cure Management based on slowing progression Maximize what vision patient has left Nutrition therapy Antioxidants, B12, lutein, zeaxanthin Wet AMD ```

Answer 8

85% to 90% of AMD have dry or non exudative type. Outer layers of retina break down and druzen forms. When druzen is outside of macular area, patient’s generally have no symptoms. Druzens can coalesce causing gradual loss of central vision when within the macula. At first there is a gradual blurring of vision that patient’s notice when reading. There can be a missing in words, blank spots and loss of central vision. There is no know treatment that can slow or cure the type of AMD.

Answer 9

May have an abrupt onset. Is characterized by the development of an abnormal choroidal neovascular network beneath the macula. These vessels leak fluid and bleed, causing edema and the development of fibrosis. Visual changes can occur rapidly. Straight lines appear crooked and distorted. The resulting macular scar causes loss of central vision. Some can be treated with laser therapy to stop leaking but vision can be affected by treatment and abnormal vessels can grow back.

Answer 10

Nutritional supplements: antioxidant vitamins ( Vitamin C, E, and betacarotene) and Zinc may reduce the impact of AMD in some people. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT )-Use of Verteporfin, a photosensitive dye, and laser therapy. Macular Translocation

Answer 11

Teaching regarding disease process, treatments, use of antioxidants, medical follow-up. Give Amsler grid to patients for home monitoring Teach about use of bright lighting and magnification devices. Encourage smoking cessation and protection of eyes from the sun. Low vision counseling services