Eye

Question 1

Myotropia

Answer 1

Nearsighted (eye is too long)

Question 2

Hyperopia

Answer 2

Farsighted (eye too short)

Question 3

Choroid

Answer 3

Layer of eye superficial to retina, contains blood vessels

Question 4

Sclera

Answer 4

White of eye, most superficial

Protects eye and maintains the shape

Question 5

Cornea

Answer 5

Same as sclera but clear

Question 6

Accommodation of the eye

Answer 6

Cliliary muscles of the eye focus the lens to focus incoming Rays of light

Question 7

Cataracts

Answer 7

Occur when the lens becomes cloudy

Question 8

Transduction

Answer 8

Conversion of photo information into electric information for the brain in the CNS

Question 9

Photoreceptors and their limits

Answer 9

Photo pigments on rods and cones transduce light into electrical signals

After activated, photoreceptors inactivate for about 100 milliseconds

Question 10

Rods are good for…

Answer 10

Sensitivity, does not provide color

Question 11

Cones are good for…

Answer 11

Acuity (fine detection), produces color

Question 12

Does the photoreceptor hyperpolarize or depolarize

Answer 12

Hyperpolarize, no axons are involved in the retina except for ganglion cells

Question 13

Scotopic

Answer 13

Part of light sensitivity scale which is the darkest, only rods are activated, no cones or color
The end of this region is the cone threshold

Question 14

Mesopic

Answer 14

2nd darkest region on sensitivity scale, cones are now activated

Question 15

Photopic

Answer 15

Brightest on sensitivity scale, at the start of this scale rod saturation begins

Question 16

Cone activation occurs between which two regions of sensitivity

Answer 16

Scotopic and mesopic

Question 17

At the start of which region does rod saturation occur

Answer 17

Photopic

Question 18

Structure and location of fovea

Answer 18

Consists of almost all rods for greater acuity, located in the middle of the macula lutea in the back of the eye

Question 19

Layers of the retina

Answer 19

1. Rods/cones
2. Horizontal cells for lateral communication
3. Amacrine cells
4. Ganglion cells

Question 20

Direct route of communication to ganglion cells

Answer 20

Best for high resolution, goes straight from one cone to one ganglion cell

Question 21

Indirect route of ganglion cell communication

Answer 21

Leads to high sensitivity, with signals coming from multiple rods

Question 22

Does the fovea use a direct route or indirect route?

Answer 22

Direct

Question 23

Does the periphery of the retina use a direct route or indirect route

Answer 23

Indirect

Question 24

Emmetropia

Answer 24

Normal eye and lens