Eye Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
cornea
A
transparent layer forming the front of the eye
rounds out
2
Q
Macula
A
back of the eye, the inner portion of the Retina
3
Q
Retina
A
back of the eye, the outer layer around the entire eye
4
Q
Optic Nerve
A
back of the eye
5
Q
Conjunctive
A
mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye
6
Q
Pupil
A
the opening of the iris, determines how much light is let into the eye
7
Q
Iris
A
front of the eye, eye color
8
Q
Campus
A
corner where your eyelids meet
9
Q
Aquas Humor
A
fluid specific to the eye
10
Q
This part of the eye is impacted by IOP
A
Virtreous Body / Fluid
11
Q
Which Cranial Nerve controls the ability to close our eyes?
A
Cranial Nerve VII (7)
12
Q
Optic Nerve (II) connects to the
A
brain to give us sight
13
Q
Cranial Nerve III, IV, VI are
A
muscles
14
Q
Hyperopia
A
far-sightedness
15
Q
Myopia
A
near-sightedness
16
Q
Emmetropia
A
perfection refraction of the eye
17
Q
Miosis
A
constriction
18
Q
Mydriasis
A
dilation
19
Q
Accommodation
A
how the eye accommodates to something is coming near you
20
Q
Safety issues in older adults
A
Less ability to accommodate in low light settings for objects coming at you, problems with dilation
21
Q
eye protection
A
minimize uv light exposure
protectection from blunt force, fluid splatters, sparks, etc.
22
Q
Regular eye exams
A
Every 3-5 years in young adults with normal vision
annually for those over 40
23
Q
To control chronic illness, what 3 nutritional/vitamins should be used?
A
Vitamin A
Lutein
Beta-Carotene
24
Q
What is considered an eye emergency?
A
Loss or significant reduction of vision in past 48 hours, or obvious eye trauma, or foreign body in eye is an emergency
25
Involuntary rapid eye movements
nystagmus
26
Diagnostic testing for the eye
Corneal Staining
Tonometry
Ophthalmoscopy
27
Diagnostic Test that is used to visualize any damage to the eye.
Corneal Staining
28
Diagnostic Test that is used to measure IOP
Tonometry
29
Normal range for IOP
10-20 mmHG
30
Ophthalmoscopy
see deeper structures of the eye
31
The nurse understands that which circumstance places the patient at the greatest risk for developing vision disturbances?
History of diabetes mellitus
32
Which is a priority nursing intervention when providing care to an older patient who has problems with vision?
Ensure adequate, nonglare lighting in the patient’s room.
33
Blepharitis
infection of the eye, Inflamed, itchy, red
Greasy scales on brows and lids
34
How do you treat blepharitis?
scrub w baby shampoo or something very gentle and avoid rubbing
35
Entropion
Inward turning of lid; lashes rub against eye
36
How do you treat entropion and ectropion?
Surgical correction is required
37
Ectropion
Outward turning of the lid
| discomfort is dry eye
38
Post surgical care eyelid disorders (entropion and ectropion)
Keep eye patch in place
report any drainage or pain
excess pain needs to be reported
39
Hordeolum
Internal or external stye
on the lash line
contagious
40
Chalazion
over the whole eyelid
Inflammation of sebaceous gland in eye
contagious
41
Interventions for Chalazion and Hordeolum
Warm compresses, antibiotic ointment
Avoid using same eye makeup or sharing: get rid of makeup used
For Chalazion, surgery is an option
42
Ophthalmic ointment
```
Pg. 970 chart 47-1
need to know
separate tubes for each eye
Do not want cross contaminate
inward to outward
```
43
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
"dry eye syndrome"
changes in tear composition, lacrimal gland malfunction, or altered tear distribution
without tears, risk of infection is increased
44
Anticholinergic drugs cause
dry eyes
look up which ones!!
45
Conjunctival Hemorrhage
Small, well-defined area of bright red hemorrhage under conjunctiva
hard sneeze, bearing down
usually resolves in two weeks
46
Conjunctivitis
infection of the conjunctiva
"pink eye"
Hand wash, do not share towels
Itching, burning--> antibiotics\eye drops to help
47
Corneal abrasion
eye scratch
48
ulceration
what happens when the infection builds
49
Corneal abrasion and Ulceration
Emergency!! can cause permanent damage or blindness
cornea has no blood supply and infection can easily occur
patch over eye, eye drops to help, irrigate
50
Cataracts
Clouding and blurring of lens
no pain or redness
"everything looks hazy"
meds can advance the process, particularly steroids
trauma to the eye can cause
51
Cataract surgery
Stop use of anticoagulants
Antibiotics given subconjunctivially
no patch, discharge within one hour
52
Activities that increase IOP
```
Bending from waist
Lifting objects more than 10 pounds
Sneezing or coughing
Blowing the nose
Straining to have a bowel movement
Vomiting
Having sexual intercourse
Keeping the head in dependent position
Wearing tight shirt collars
```
53
Glaucoma
Increased IOP leading to cupping and atrophy of optic disc
common cause of blindness, damage is IRREVERSIBLE
54
Primary open-angle glaucoma
Fluid (aqueous humor) can’t leave the eye at the same rate it is produced; outward flow is reduced
Most common, usually both eyes
55
Angle-closure glaucoma
Emergency!!
Narrowed angle and forward displacement of iris prevent ANY outflow of fluid (aqueous humor)
Will have permanent loss of vision if not treated
pain, redness, sudden blurry
56
Primary open-angle glaucoma S/S
Gradual loss of vision starting in periphery
Headaches or mild eye aching
May ask for frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions
57
Acute closed-angle S/S
Sudden onset and severe pain that radiates
Nausea/vomiting
Sudden blurred vision with decreased light perception, halos
Reddened sclera and foggy cornea
58
Acute closed-angle treatment
drops and injections directly into the eye
59
Primary open-angle treatment
drops or oral meds
60
These are drugs constrict the pupil and lower fluids.
These drugs treat glaucoma
Prostaglandin Agonist
Adrenergic Agonist
Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
Cholinergic Agonist
Carb-anhydrase inhibitor
61
Dilate vessels where humor is reabsorbed
Eye color may darken, lashes may get longer
Prostaglandin Agonists
"-prosta-"
62
Decreases production of humor
Pupil dilation; don’t give to patients taking MAOIs
Adrenergic Agonists
63
Decreases production of humor
Contraindicated in COPD/asthma; check pulse
Beta-adrenergic blockers
lol
64
Decreases production of humor
Headache/flushing/sweating; worsens night vision
Cholinergic agonists
65
Know what the drugs end with
Pg 976
66
Macular degeneration
Degeneration of macula (area of CENTRAL vision)
67
Macular degeneration impairs the ability to
drive, read, write, recognize people, identify safety hazards
68
Macular degeneration is dangerous and detrimental to
ADL's esp driving
69
Dry degeneration
lack of perfusion causing problems, not a cure. Cells become ischemic and die
70
Wet degeneration
fluid developing under the macula, drain it can fix it
71
Retina hole
a break in the retina
72
Retine tear
a jagged or irregularly shaped break in the retina
73
Retinal detachment
separation of retina from epithelium
74
Retina holes, tears, detachments interventions
Surgery
75
Post op Retina holes, tears, detachments
eye patch
no fine ocular movements
rest eyes
76
Retina holes, tears, detachments teaching
Give meds to inhibit pupil constriction or accommodation
use patch to reduce extra eye movement
77
Ocular Melanoma
does not respond well to treatment
can be transferred to the brain, so most often they will take out the whole eye(Enucleation)
safer
78
Trauma of the eye
Do not take out an object
have the patient be still, keep eyes patched
severe pain
consider irrigation
79
General considerations for Reduced Vision
```
phones with big numbers
Safety (prevent falls or burns)
Ambulation assisted with care
Promote self-care and independence
Psychosocial support
Get family involved
High contrast on stairs
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