Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What is the most significant complication of a fracture?

Answer 1

compartment syndrome, bleeding, fat embolism

Question 2

Acute Compartment Syndrome

Answer 2

Serious condition in which increased pressure within one or more compartments causes massive compromise of circulation to the area

Question 3

treatment of compartment syndrome

Answer 3

prevent the pressure build up of blood or fluid accumulation

elevate arm, check circulation in casts

Question 4

If no blood flow in compartment syndrome pathophysiologic changes are referred to as

Answer 4

ischemia-edema cycle

Question 5

How long do you have after the onset of acute compartment syndrome before damage is irreversible?

Answer 5

4 to 6 hours

Limb can become useless within 24 to 48 hr

Question 6

What may be preformed to relieve pressure in compartment syndrome?

Answer 6

Fasciotomy

Question 7

What do we assess for with fractures?

Answer 7

distal pulses, tingling, feeling, cap refill, skin-warm or cold?

Question 8

Avascular necrosis

Answer 8

Your bone doesn’t heal because you don’t have blood flow into that area

Question 9

Risk factors associated with osteoporosis?

Answer 9

diet, alcohol use, smoking, lack of exercise

Question 10

Silent theif/Silent disease

Answer 10

Osteoporosis
don’t know you have it until its too late

progressed so far that nothing you can do about it

Question 11

Number one thing to do to prevent osteoporosis***

Answer 11

exercise

Question 12

Osteoporosis prevention

Answer 12

teach about diet
ensure adequate calcium intake
exercise 30 minutes daily

Question 13

Paget’s disease

Answer 13

chronic metabolic disorder in which bone is excessively broken down and reformed

structurally disorganized bone

Question 14

treatment of paget’s disease

Answer 14

analgesics

primarily given to treat pain and decrease reabsorption of bone

Question 15

How to avoid avascular necrosis

Answer 15

ensure adequate blood flow

check pulses

Question 16

The only way to diagnose muscular dystrophy is through

Answer 16

Bone and Muscle biopsy

CK-MM for muscle

Question 17

Osteomalacia

Answer 17

loss of bone related to vit D deficiency

young child: rickets

Question 18

treatment of Osteomalacia

Answer 18

ergocalaferol

vit d supplement

Question 19

Ewings sarcoma

Answer 19

shoulder, sternum, legs. Usually metastasis

mostly chemo tx
boys 13-17

Question 20

Scoliosis

Answer 20

lateral curvature of the spine (thoracic lumbar)

Question 21

What does avascular necrosis cause?

Answer 21

delayed bone healing

Question 22

For shoulder/upper arm fractures, assess

Answer 22

pt sitting or standing

support affected arm to promote comfort

Question 23

Distal area of arm

Answer 23

assess in supine position

Question 24

Lower extremities/ pelvis fractures

Answer 24

assess in supine position
s/s: internal injury, blood in urine, etc.
Internal damage is the chief concern in fracture

Question 25

Casts we need to beware of

Answer 25

circulation, skin breakdown, compartment syndrome

Question 26

RICE

Answer 26

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

Question 27

Gout

Answer 27

increased uric acid

Question 28

Diagnostic test fro gout

Answer 28

serum hyperurecemia and urinary uric acid

Question 29

Amputation complication

Answer 29

hemorrhage, infection, neuroma, flexion contracture

Question 30

Amputation meds

Answer 30

IV calcitonin bc analgesics will NOT work

Question 31

Progressive muscular dystrophies

Answer 31

Slow progression Okay in mind but body stops working oAsk hard questions like “when diaphragm stops working what should we do?”

Question 32

Progressive muscular dystrophies genetic considerations

Answer 32

Protein, dystrophan | ONLY WAY TO DIAGNOSE IS MUSCLE BIOPSY