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Head and Neck > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Vision is broken into what 3 components?

A

Light entering eye, focused on retina
Retina transduction of light
Cortex processing and interpretation

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2
Q

Developement of they eye occurs?

A

Extension of the forebrain

3 layers of meninges continue and are modified

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3
Q

Dura Mater —>

A

Sclera/Cornea

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4
Q

Arachnoid and Pia mater —>

A

Uveal layer (Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris)

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5
Q

Neural Tissue —->

A

Retina and several layers of neurons like the cerebrum

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6
Q

Layers of the eye?

S C R V

A

Sclera
Choroid
Retina
Vitreous Humor in the postremal chamber

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7
Q

The eyes diameter is?

A

2.5 CM

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8
Q

Iris

A

Controls the amount of light falling onto the retina by controlling size of opening pupil

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9
Q

Cornea

A

Primary refraction/focusing of light entering the eye

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10
Q

Lens

A

Secondary focusing of objects onto the retina

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11
Q

They eye is divided into 2 compartments by the?

A

Lens

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12
Q

The anterior compartment contains a transparent watery substance that is continually made and drained, ____ ____

A

Aqueous humor

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13
Q

The posterior compartment contains a transparent gel substance that is formed embryologically, ____ ____

A

vitreous humor

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14
Q

Vitreous body supports?

A

Lens and retina from within as well as providing optical medium

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15
Q

Vitreous body contains a canal which extends from the exit of the optic nerve to the posterior surface of the lens called?

It represents the course of the ____ ____ a which supplied the vitreous body during embryological development.

A

Hyaloid canal

Degenerated hyaloid artery

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16
Q

Junction between sclera and cornea is?

A

Limbus

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17
Q

The cornea is AVASCULAR consisting of what 5 structures?

A
  1. Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Bowman’s Membrane
  3. Substantia propia
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. Endothelial cells
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18
Q

Corneal reflex utiilizes which CN’s?

A

Sensory - V

Motor - VII

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19
Q

Which is the most common cause of blindness?

How doe sit occur?

A

Glaucoma

Too much fluid, intraocular pressure increases; disruption between canal of Schlemm and Trabeculae

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20
Q

Lens fibers contain?

A

Crystalline protein

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21
Q

Cataracts?

A

Lens becomes cloudy or opaque

22
Q

If light contacts a concave lens it will?

A

Scatter

23
Q

If light contacts a convex lens it will?

A

Converge

24
Q

The ____ is the most anterior part of the uveal layer of the eye.

A

Iris

25
Q

Iris arises from?

A

Ciliary body

26
Q

Iris consists of two layers

A

Stroma (Pigmented tissue

Epithelial cells

27
Q

The color of the Iris depends on the amount of pigment in the?

A

connective tissue stroma

28
Q

Blue eyes contains ____ stromal pigment whereas Brown eyes have ____ stromal pigment

A

Little; considerable

29
Q

The photosensitive retina forms the inner lining of most of the posterior compartment of the eye and terminates along a scalloped like behind the ciliary body called?

A

Ora serrata

30
Q

The visual axis of the eye passes through a depression in the retina called?

A

Fovea

31
Q

The fovea is surrounded by a yellow pigmented zone called?

A

Macula lutea

32
Q

The ____ retina is the area of greatest visual acuity and contains only ____ photoreceptors

A

fovea; cone

33
Q

Afferent nerve fibers from the retina converge to form the ____ nerve which leaves the eye via numerous perforations through a part of the sclera known as the ____ ____.

A

Optic; lamina cribrosa

34
Q

The retina overlying the lamina cribrosa, the ____ ____ (____ ____) is devoid of photorecptors and is thus referred to as teh “____ ____”.

A

optic papilla (optic disc); “blind spot”

35
Q

Internal nuclear layer is AKA?

A

Interneurons layer

36
Q

Layer between Choroid and Rods and Cones is called?

A

Pigmented layers

37
Q

Retina is divided into 10 distinct histological zones/FIVE functional groups of cells.

What are the FIVE functional groups of cells.

A 
Pigmented epithelial cells (rests on Choroid)
Rod and Cone photoreceptor cells
Interneurons and Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
Muller cells
38
Q

RODS:
The outer segment has a regular, cylindrical shape and contains a stack of flattened ____ ____ which incorporate the visual pigment ____ (purple).

A

membranous discs; rhodopsin

39
Q

Rods are ____ to low level light

A

sensitive

40
Q

Rods are more ___ than cones and more ____ located

A

numerous; peripherally

41
Q

CONES:

The outer segment of the receptor proper is a long, conical structure containing _____ _____ instead of discs.

A

membranous invaginations

42
Q

The cones contain pigments (____) preferentially receptive to ____, ____ or ____ light.

A

(rhodopsin); blue, green, or red

43
Q

Cones are located more CENTRALLY near the?

A

Fovea

44
Q

At the fovea; DIFFUSION occurs from?

A

Choroid layer underneath

45
Q

The blood supply of the eye is derived from the OPHTHALMIC ARTERY via two separate systems?

A

Retinal and Uveal systems (ciliary arteries)

46
Q

One can see FLOATERS in what type of detachment?

A

RETINAL DETACHMENT

47
Q

Aqueous cannot drain through meshwork:

A) Open Angle Glaucoma
B) Angle Closure Glaucoma

A

A) Open Angle Glaucoma

48
Q

If the ____ pulls away from the ____, _____ can be seen. The pull can lead to a ____ tear; which is more significant since it can lead to BLINDNESS.

A

vitreous; retina, floaters; retinal

49
Q

Ciliary muscle is RELAXED:

Suspensory ligament ____, lens ____

A

Taught; flat

50
Q

Ciliary muscle is CONTRACTED:

Suspensory ligament ____, lens ____ and ____

A

slackens; thick and curved

51
Q

Innervation is ____ from ____ nerve –> ____ ganglion –> ____ ____ n

A

parasympathetic; oculomotor; ciliary; short ciliary

Head and Neck (10 decks)

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