Eye

Question 1

Vision is broken into what 3 components?

Answer 1

Light entering eye, focused on retina
Retina transduction of light
Cortex processing and interpretation

Question 2

Developement of they eye occurs?

Answer 2

Extension of the forebrain

3 layers of meninges continue and are modified

Question 3

Dura Mater —>

Answer 3

Sclera/Cornea

Question 4

Arachnoid and Pia mater —>

Answer 4

Uveal layer (Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris)

Question 5

Neural Tissue —->

Answer 5

Retina and several layers of neurons like the cerebrum

Question 6

Layers of the eye?

S C R V

Answer 6

Sclera
Choroid
Retina
Vitreous Humor in the postremal chamber

Question 7

The eyes diameter is?

Answer 7

2.5 CM

Question 8

Iris

Answer 8

Controls the amount of light falling onto the retina by controlling size of opening pupil

Question 9

Cornea

Answer 9

Primary refraction/focusing of light entering the eye

Question 10

Lens

Answer 10

Secondary focusing of objects onto the retina

Question 11

They eye is divided into 2 compartments by the?

Answer 11

Lens

Question 12

The anterior compartment contains a transparent watery substance that is continually made and drained, ____ ____

Answer 12

Aqueous humor

Question 13

The posterior compartment contains a transparent gel substance that is formed embryologically, ____ ____

Answer 13

vitreous humor

Question 14

Vitreous body supports?

Answer 14

Lens and retina from within as well as providing optical medium

Question 15

Vitreous body contains a canal which extends from the exit of the optic nerve to the posterior surface of the lens called?

It represents the course of the ____ ____ a which supplied the vitreous body during embryological development.

Answer 15

Hyaloid canal

Degenerated hyaloid artery

Question 16

Junction between sclera and cornea is?

Answer 16

Limbus

Question 17

The cornea is AVASCULAR consisting of what 5 structures?

Answer 17

1. Stratified squamous epithelium
2. Bowman’s Membrane
3. Substantia propia
4. Descemet’s membrane
5. Endothelial cells

Question 18

Corneal reflex utiilizes which CN’s?

Answer 18

Sensory - V

Motor - VII

Question 19

Which is the most common cause of blindness?

How doe sit occur?

Answer 19

Glaucoma

Too much fluid, intraocular pressure increases; disruption between canal of Schlemm and Trabeculae

Question 20

Lens fibers contain?

Answer 20

Crystalline protein

Question 21

Cataracts?

Answer 21

Lens becomes cloudy or opaque

Question 22

If light contacts a concave lens it will?

Answer 22

Scatter

Question 23

If light contacts a convex lens it will?

Answer 23

Converge

Question 24

The ____ is the most anterior part of the uveal layer of the eye.

Answer 24

Iris

Question 25

Iris arises from?

Answer 25

Ciliary body

Question 26

Iris consists of two layers

Answer 26

Stroma (Pigmented tissue | Epithelial cells

Question 27

The color of the Iris depends on the amount of pigment in the?

Answer 27

connective tissue stroma

Question 28

Blue eyes contains ____ stromal pigment whereas Brown eyes have ____ stromal pigment

Answer 28

Little; considerable

Question 29

The photosensitive retina forms the inner lining of most of the posterior compartment of the eye and terminates along a scalloped like behind the ciliary body called?

Answer 29

Ora serrata

Question 30

The visual axis of the eye passes through a depression in the retina called?

Answer 30

Fovea

Question 31

The fovea is surrounded by a yellow pigmented zone called?

Answer 31

Macula lutea

Question 32

The ____ retina is the area of greatest visual acuity and contains only ____ photoreceptors

Answer 32

fovea; cone

Question 33

Afferent nerve fibers from the retina converge to form the ____ nerve which leaves the eye via numerous perforations through a part of the sclera known as the ____ ____.

Answer 33

Optic; lamina cribrosa

Question 34

The retina overlying the lamina cribrosa, the ____ ____ (____ ____) is devoid of photorecptors and is thus referred to as teh "____ ____".

Answer 34

optic papilla (optic disc); "blind spot"

Question 35

Internal nuclear layer is AKA?

Answer 35

Interneurons layer

Question 36

Layer between Choroid and Rods and Cones is called?

Answer 36

Pigmented layers

Question 37

Retina is divided into 10 distinct histological zones/FIVE functional groups of cells. What are the FIVE functional groups of cells.

Answer 37

``` Pigmented epithelial cells (rests on Choroid) Rod and Cone photoreceptor cells Interneurons and Bipolar cells Ganglion cells Muller cells ```

Question 38

RODS: The outer segment has a regular, cylindrical shape and contains a stack of flattened ____ ____ which incorporate the visual pigment ____ (purple).

Answer 38

membranous discs; rhodopsin

Question 39

Rods are ____ to low level light

Answer 39

sensitive

Question 40

Rods are more ___ than cones and more ____ located

Answer 40

numerous; peripherally

Question 41

CONES: | The outer segment of the receptor proper is a long, conical structure containing _____ _____ instead of discs.

Answer 41

membranous invaginations

Question 42

The cones contain pigments (____) preferentially receptive to ____, ____ or ____ light.

Answer 42

(rhodopsin); blue, green, or red

Question 43

Cones are located more CENTRALLY near the?

Answer 43

Fovea

Question 44

At the fovea; DIFFUSION occurs from?

Answer 44

Choroid layer underneath

Question 45

The blood supply of the eye is derived from the OPHTHALMIC ARTERY via two separate systems?

Answer 45

Retinal and Uveal systems (ciliary arteries)

Question 46

One can see FLOATERS in what type of detachment?

Answer 46

RETINAL DETACHMENT

Question 47

Aqueous cannot drain through meshwork: A) Open Angle Glaucoma B) Angle Closure Glaucoma

Answer 47

A) Open Angle Glaucoma

Question 48

If the ____ pulls away from the ____, _____ can be seen. The pull can lead to a ____ tear; which is more significant since it can lead to BLINDNESS.

Answer 48

vitreous; retina, floaters; retinal

Question 49

Ciliary muscle is RELAXED: | Suspensory ligament ____, lens ____

Answer 49

Taught; flat

Question 50

Ciliary muscle is CONTRACTED: | Suspensory ligament ____, lens ____ and ____

Answer 50

slackens; thick and curved

Question 51

Innervation is ____ from ____ nerve --> ____ ganglion --> ____ ____ n

Answer 51

parasympathetic; oculomotor; ciliary; short ciliary