Eye and Ear Flashcards
(9 cards)
Ophthalmic Anti-infectives
Precautions/contraindications
ADRs
Uses
hypersensitivity
adrs- irritation, super infx with prolonged use, blurred vision esp bacitracin, sulfacetamide opthalmic solutions can cause hypersensitvity with sulfa allergy, aminoglycosides may cause localized ocular toxicity, fluoroquinolones may cause white crytalline precipitate
Uses- ophthalmia neonatorum, bacterial conj (eryhtro)
gonococcal- require ceftriaxone IV
blepharitis (erythro)
Antiglaucoma Agents
Common agents
Absorption
Beta blockers, adrenergic agonists miotics carbonic anhydrase inhibitors sympathomimetics prostaglandin agonist
(dont worry about these)
Absorbed and systemic levels reached in greater enough amounts to cause complications of chronic conditions and drug interactions
Ocular antiallergic drugs
Examples
precautions
ADR
Mast cell stabilizers: lodoxamide, cromolyn sodium
(vernal conj)
Antihistamines: levocabastine, antazoline, ketotifen, pheniramine, emedastine
(allergic conj)
hypersensitivity- if contain benzalkonium chloride do not use with contacts
ADR- blurred vision eye discomfort tearing (stinging burning) headache with histamine blocker
No drug interactions
Ophthalmic anti-inflammatory drugs
ADR
Ophthalmic NSAIDS: flurbiprofen, suprofen, diclofenac, nepafenac, ketorolac (all similar eff)
Corticosteroid ophthalmic agents (not using)
ADR- eye discomfort or tearing
corticosteroids- may cause glaucoma, loss of visual acuity, cataract, secondary infx, exacerbation of infx, perforation
Vernal conj
Ophthalmic vasoconstrictors
end in
used for
contraindication
ADR
drug interactions
end in zoline
redness
narrow angle glaucoma
stinging burning blurred vision increased IOP rebound redness
dont worry too much: MAOIs beta blockers
Otic anti-infectives
combination product
precautions
Swimmers ear
abx and hydrocortisone
perforated tympanic membrane, superinfection
swimmers ear- can use isopropyl alcohol
Otic analgesics
Examples
Ceruminolytics ex
antipyrine and benzocaine
carbamide peroxide
AOM
Children > 2 years…
Drug of choice
2nd line
Tx failure
can observe 1-2 days with non-severe or treat with abx
DOC- amoxicillin (if used abx in last 30 then augmentin)
augmentin or cephalosporin (cefdinir cefpodoxime, cefuroxime)
If tx failure amox: then aumentin if type 1 allergy then clindamycin plus cephalosporin
Malignant otitis externa
parenteral abx
