Eye Disorders Flashcards
Aphakia
When a cataract progresses to the degree that it interferes with vision, the crystalline lens can be surgically removed. This creates aphakia or THE ABSENCE OF A LENS IN THE EYE. can be corrected with strong spectacles or contacts. Most common correction is replacing the lens surgically with an implant (pseudophakia)
Amblyopia
Loss of vision in one or both eyes. Is caused by refractive errors or starbismus usually responds well to treatment in children younger than 7 with decline in success with age. Usually occlusion of the good eye and use of amblyopic “lazy eye” is most common therapy.
Blepharitis
Common chronic inflammation of the lid margin. Pt May experience having redness to the eye lid and thickening and irregularity of usually the lid margin. Pt may complain ab a sandy itchy feeling in the eyes.
Cataracts
A cloudy or opaque area in the normally transparent lens of the eye. As crystalline lens gets harder with age, it also becomes discolored. There are 3 primary types of age-related cataracts
1. Nuclear sclerotic (most common)
2. Cortical
3. Posterior subcapsular
Chalazion
Inflammation resolves in hordeolum, it will sometimes leave a granuloma (small bump)
Not stye
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Aka pink eye
Caused by many things like bacterial infection, viral infection, fungal infection, and allergies.
Symptoms: redness, swelling, discharge
Diabetic retinopathy
Due to poor blood circulation that occurs with diabetes. Fragile new blood vessel growth often develops in the retina, which tend to leak or break. This can lead to scarring, hemorrhages, and retinal detachment which can lead to permanent vision loss. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness.
Esoteopia
A form of strabismus, or squint in which one or both eyes turn inward. May vice cross-eyed appearance. When the fixating eye is covered, the other eye immediately moves outward.
Flashes
Caused by mechanical stimulation of the nerves in the retina. Seeing flashes without rubbing of eye may indicate condition causing the tugging of retina.
Floaters
Caused by debris in the tears and in the fluid inside the eye. Most people notice benign floaters especially when looking at uniform light colored backgrounds. Change in floater appearance may indicate inflammation or retinal detachment.
Glaucoma
Optic nerve is damaged from increased IOP
1. Primary open angle glaucoma: most common, high IOP, painless, idiopathic (inadequate blood flow to retina can cause permanent vision loss)
2. Normal tension glaucoma: normal IOP
3. Acute angle closure glaucoma: less common, painful red eye, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting
Hordeolum
Commonly known as a STYE, occurred when pores in the eyelid become blocked and inflamed “pimple” in the lid.
Keratoconus
Cornea thins and bulges forward, causing the image focused on the retina to be irregular and thus caused a decrease in vision even with glasses. Gas permeable contacts may provide clearer vision but may require a corneal transplant.
Macular degeneration
With advancing age the macula are often breaks down leading to permanent vision loss. Largest source of irreversible blindness. Genetics, smoking, UV exposure, and fair complexions play a role
Nystagmus
Eyes make repetitive uncontrolled movements often resulting in reduced vision. These involuntary eye movements occcur in different directions and both eyes aren’t able to hold steady on objects being viewed. It can be accompanied with unusual head positions and nodding in an attempt to compensate for the condition. People can reduce severity of eye movement by positioning eyes to look to one side (null point)
CANNOT BE CURED but surgery can be done to reduce the amount head turn needed for clearer vision
