Eye-Internal Conditions Flashcards
Which part of the eye does most of the refraction of incoming light?
Cornea
The ___ fine-tunes the focus of incoming light
Lens
____ is usually due to the eyeball being too long from front to back
Myopia (nearsightedness)
Common surgical treatments for refractive problems (3):
LASIK, PRK, RK
____ is a short-term corneal re-shaping by contacts worn at night
Ortho-Keratology (Ortho-K)
A surgical treatment where a tiny knife makes multiple cuts into cornea, like spokes of a wheel
Radial Keratotomy (RK)
___ uses a laser beam to reshape the curve of the cornea, most often by removing a layer to flatten it
Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
Cornea is sliced from the side, a laser beam reshapes the tissue of the inner layer of the cornea, then outer cornea layer is placed back on top.
LASIK
The optic disc of each eye is towards the medial or lateral side of the retina?
Medial
Normal cup:disc ratio?
<1:2 (or
A big physiologic cup is a possible sign of increased pressure, such as in ____
Glaucoma
Is the presence of a crescent at 12-3 o’clock on the optic disc normal or abnormal?
Normal
The non-presence of an optic disc due to swelling around the optic nerve is caused by _____
Papilledema
Gradual clouding of the normally transparent lens, usually due to aging.
Cataracts
The only effective cure for cataracts?
Surgical extraction (lens is removed and replaced with plastic lens implant)
Deterioration of the blood vessels of the retina in people with diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
The ___ form of diabetic retinopathy is when blood vessels narrow/become blocked leading to reduction in blood flow and oxygen to retina, and tiny yellow exudates form on the retina
Non-proliferative
In the ___ form of diabetic retinopathy, fragile new vessels form and grow over retina, blood leaks into vitreous humor, and scar tissue may pull on retina leading to increased risk of retinal detachment
Proliferative
Partial or complete loss of vision in ONE eye caused by conditions that affect normal vision development
Amblyopia
“Crossed eyes” due to weaker muscle in one eye. Aka “lazy eye”
Strabismus
____ occurs when the eyes have unequal refractive power (20/20, 20/40 for example)
Anisometropia
The most common cause of monocular blindness (impaired vision in one eye)
Amblyopia
Is papilledema usually unilateral or bilateral?
Bilateral
A light colored ring seen at the periphery of the cornea, due to lipid infiltration. Normal in older adults
Corneal arcus (arcus senilis)
