Eyelids

Question 1

What is the greek word for eyelid?

Answer 1

Blepharon

Question 2

What is the latin word for eyelid?

Answer 2

Palpebra

Question 3

What is the latin word for eyelash?

Answer 3

Cilium

Question 4

Which nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi muscle?

Answer 4

Palpebral branch of the facial nerve

Question 5

Blocking which nerve allows for eye examination in the large animal?

Answer 5

Auriculopalpebral nerve

Question 6

One function of the eyelid is to contribute to the tear film layer. What do the meibomian glands produce?

Answer 6

Mucin

Question 7

What do the conjunctival goblet cells produce?

Answer 7

Mucin

Question 8

When do the eyelids normally open in a healthy pup or kitten?

Answer 8

10-14 days of age

Question 9

When do the eyelids open in a healthy foal?

Answer 9

Open at birth

Question 10

When do the eyelids open in a healthy calf?

Answer 10

Open at birth

Question 11

True or False: Premature opening of the eyelids is rather common in the dog.

Answer 11

FALSE: Premature opening of the eyelids is UNCOMMON in the dog and cat.

Question 12

Premature opening can lead to corneal dessication. How can you prevent this?

Answer 12

Lubricate!

Question 13

What is the term used for “delayed eyelid opening”?

Answer 13

Ankyloblepharon

Question 14

Is ankyloblepharon more common in dogs or cats?

Answer 14

Dogs

Question 15

What is ophthalmia neonatorum?

Answer 15

Conjunctivitis with accumulation of mucus +/- secondary infection

Question 16

What 2 pathogens are most commonly seen with ophthalmia neonatorum in the cat?

Answer 16

1. Chlamydophila felis

2. Staph

Question 17

What pathogen is most commonly seen with ophthalmia neonatorum in the dog?

Answer 17

Staph

Question 18

What is trichiasis?

Answer 18

When cilia or hairs arise from a normal dermal location and are directed towards the ocular surface

Question 19

What is distichiasis?

Answer 19

When cilia arise from the meibomian gland and point towards the ocular surface

Question 20

What are the 2 most common methods of correcting distichiasis?

Answer 20

1. Cryoepilation

2. Electroepilation

Question 21

True or False: With distichiasis, shorter hairs can cause more damage.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

What is an ectopic cilia?

Answer 22

Arises from the meibomian gland but courses through the palpebral conjunctiva

Question 23

What is the curative treatment of choice for an ectopic cilia?

Answer 23

Surgical excision

Question 24

What is the term used for “eyelid agenesis”?

Answer 24

“Coloboma” of the eyelid

Question 25

What is the treatment of choice for eyelid agenesis?

Answer 25

Surgical correction

Question 26

Is eyelid agenesis more common in the dog or cat?

Answer 26

Cat

Question 27

Is eyelid agenesis commonly unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 27

Bilateral

Question 28

Is eyelid agenesis commonly medial or lateral?

Answer 28

Lateral

Question 29

What is entropion?

Answer 29

Inward rolling of the eyelid margin

Question 30

In which 2 species is entropion most common?

Answer 30

1. Dog | 2. Sheep

Question 31

In medium and large breed dogs, entropic instability is typically at which canthus?

Answer 31

Lateral canthus

Question 32

In miniature breed dogs, entropic instability is typically at which canthus?

Answer 32

Medial canthus

Question 33

What are the clinical signs associated with entropion?

Answer 33

1. Epiphora 2. Blepharospasm 3. Conjunctival hyperemia 4. Corneal changes (ulceration, pigmentation, vascularization)

Question 34

In treating entropion, what are the conditions under which you would consider temporary tacking?

Answer 34

1. Young, immature animal 2. Spastic entropion due to keratitis, trichiasis, etc. 3. Entropion secondary to a treatable condition

Question 35

What is ectropion?

Answer 35

Eversion of the eyelid margin

Question 36

Is ectropion more common in large or small breeds of dogs?

Answer 36

Large

Question 37

Which eyelid tumor is the MOST COMMON in the dog?

Answer 37

Meibomian gland adenoma

Question 38

Which eyelid tumor is the MOST COMMON in the cat?

Answer 38

SCC

Question 39

Which eyelid tumor is the MOST COMMON in large animals?

Answer 39

SCC

Question 40

What is the treatment of choice for an eyelid tumor?

Answer 40

Simple mass removal when the mass is smaller than 25-30% of the eyelid length

Question 41

What is chalazion?

Answer 41

A non-neoplastic enlargement of the meibomian gland

Question 42

True or False: Chalazion is generally rather painful.

Answer 42

FALSE: Chalazion is a PAINLESS swelling.

Question 43

What is the curative treatment for chalazion?

Answer 43

Surgical drainage

Question 44

What is meibomian adenitis?

Answer 44

Inflammation of the meibomian gland

Question 45

How would you treat meibomian adenitis?

Answer 45

1. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 2. Doxycycline 3. Cephalosporin

Question 46

What is blepharitis?

Answer 46

Inflammation of the eyelids

Question 47

What are the underlying causes for blepharitis?

Answer 47

Dermatologic conditions 1. Bacterial - staph 2. Mycotic - trichophyton, microsporum 3. Parasites - demodex, sarcoptes 4. Allergies 5. Immune-mediated

Question 48

What is the treatment for blepharitis?

Answer 48

Treat the underlying condition (anti-inflammatories)