The Orbit Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the ligament that completes the orbit in the dog and cat?
Orbital ligament
What are the 10 general signs of orbital disease?
- Strabismus
- Enophthalmos
- Exophthalmos
- Lack of retropulsion
- Elevated 3rd eyelid
- Conjunctival hyperemia
- Exposure keratitis
- Indentation on fundus
- Pain/swelling on palpation
- Pain on opening mouth
What could be the 3 general causes of a strabismus?
- Rupture of extraocular muscle
- Neurological problem with CN 3, 4, or 6
- Space occupying orbital lesion
What is proptosis?
Traumatic displacement of the globe, entrapped in front of the eyelids
What is buphthalmos?
Globe enlargement due to glaucoma
What is macropalpebral fissue?
Seen in brachycephalic breeds with shallow orbits
What is phthisis bulbi?
Shrunken globe due to chronic inflammation
What is microphthalmia?
Congenital small globe
What are 4 causes of enophthalmos?
- Ocular pain
- Horner’s syndrome
- Emaciation/dehydration
- Muscle atrophy due to chronic myositis
What are the 2 types of myositis?
- Extraocular myositis
2. Masticatory muscle myositis
Is myositis generally unilateral or bilateral?
BILATERAL
If myositic more commonly seen in the young or the old?
Young
Which muscles are affected in extraocular myositis?
- Rectus muscles
- Oblique muscles
- Retractor bulbi
Which muscle are affected by masticatory muscle myositis?
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Pterygoid
Which breeds are affected by extraocular myositis?
- Golden retriever
2. Labrador retriever
Which breeds are affected by masticatory muscle myositis?
- GSD
- Golden retriever
- Labrador retriever
What diagnostic tests are available to test for masticatory muscle myositis?
- Imaging (CT scan)
2. Antibodies to 2M
What is the main treatment modality for masticatory muscle myositis?
Systemic immunosuppression (prednisone, azathioprine) for 3-4 weeks, than slow taper
Is myositis generally bilateral or unilateral?
Bilateral
Is a zygomatic gland mucocele bilateral or unilateral?
Either
True or False: Zygomatic gland mucoceles are generally very painful.
FALSE: typically painless
What are 2 etiologies associated with zygomatic gland mucocele development?
- Head trauma
2. Inflammation of the oral mucosa –> obstruction of outflow and cyst formation
