Eyes

Question 1

What is the first thing we do when a patient comes in with a vision complaint?

Answer 1

assess visual acuity

Question 2

When is a patient considered legally blind?

Answer 2

20/200

Question 3

This is called a lazy eye and is preceded by strabismus.

Answer 3

Amylopia

Question 4

What is CN 2 and what does it do?

Answer 4

Optic nerve- assess vision by Snellen chart.

Question 5

What is CN 3 and what does it do?

Answer 5

Oculomotor- focus

Question 6

What is CN 4 and what does it do?

Answer 6

Trochlear- downward and inward eye movement

Question 7

What is CN 5 and what does it do?

Answer 7

Trigeminal- outward and lateral eye movement

Question 8

Retinal arteries look how as compared to retinal veins?

Answer 8

Thinner and lighter

Question 9

What can we see with uncontrolled HTN?

Answer 9

Copper wire arteries

AV nicking- artery crosses a vein and causes it to bulge

Question 10

What can we see with a diabetic eye exam?

Answer 10

1. Cotton wool spots- diabetic retinopathy
2. Microaneurysms- small bulges in retinal blood vessels that leak fluid-caused by neovascularization
3. Neovasculatization- new fragile arteries in the retina that rupture and bleed

Question 11

This causes sudden, severe eye pain in elderly patients. It is caused by an increase in ICP. The eye will feel “firm to the touch” and vision will be reduced/blurry.

Answer 11

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Ophthalmological emergency can cause permanent vision loss

Question 12

This is a sudden onset of floaters that “feels like looking through a curtain”. Blurred vision/flashes of light.

Answer 12

Retinal detachment

Question 13

Eye complaints related to elevated cholesterol levels.

Answer 13

1. Arcus senilus- gray halo around the eye.
2. Xanthelasma- cholesterol deposits on the eye
   * Run lipid profile*

Question 14

Yellow triangular (wedge-shaped) thickening of the conjunctiva that is benign. Eye redness but typically asymptomatic. Does encroach on the cornea.

Answer 14

Pterygium

Question 15

A raised, yellow-white, small round growth in the bulbar conjunctiva. This is from sun exposure and does not encroach on the cornea.

Answer 15

Pinguecula

Question 16

This is caused by an abscess of hair follicle. Sudden onset of swelling and purulent drainage. Painful

Answer 16

Hordeolum

Question 17

Chronic inflammation of meibomian gland. Not painful.

Answer 17

Chalazion

Question 18

This is a unilateral blood shot red eye that mimics viral conjunctivitis (pink eye).

Answer 18

Blepharitis

Question 19

Treatment for a hordeolum?

Answer 19

Warm/hot compresses and possibly po antibiotics.

Question 20

Treatment for a chalazion?

Answer 20

I&D, surgical removal, or intrachalazion steroid injections.

Refer*

Question 21

Type of conjunctivitis that has serous drainage and starts bilateral?

Answer 21

Allergic

Question 22

Type of conjunctivitis that you typically see stringer/ropey drainage that spreads from one eye to the next. Enlarged pre-auricular nodes and cobblestone eye.

Answer 22

Viral (pink eye)

Question 23

Type of conjunctivitis that you typically see purulent drainage that spreads from one eye to the next. This is contagious.

Answer 23

Bacterial

Question 24

This is “a foreign body sensation” that is commonly seen with Bell’s palsy.

Answer 24

Corneal abrasion

Question 25

How do we diagnose a corneal abrasion?

Answer 25

Flouroscene staining

Question 26

What eye conditions have an absent red reflex?

Answer 26

Retinoblastoma | Cataracts

Question 27

This causes central vision loss and is age related?

Answer 27

Macular degeneration

Question 28

Treatment for macular degeneration?

Answer 28

Write things in large print

Question 29

This is farsightedness d/t age related loss of elasticity of the lens. Common for patients to say "my arms seem too short".

Answer 29

Presbyopia

Question 30

This is eye pain/sensitivity to light caused by the inflammation and swelling of the Iris. Will have decreased vision and the entire eye will be red.

Answer 30

Irisitis

Question 31

Corneal infection spread by direct contact. Symptoms may include foreign body sensation, lacrimation, photophobia, and conjunctival hyperemia.

Answer 31

Simplex Keratosis

Question 32

Treatment for simplex keratosis?

Answer 32

Proper hand washing

Question 33

Rash on the tip/fern of the nose that moves to the eye S/S: pain, photophobia and blurred vision.

Answer 33

Herpetic keratosis | Refer to the ED*

Question 34

Anytime there is eye pain we should:

Answer 34

REFER

Question 35

This affects the middle layer of tissue in the eye wall (uvea). S/S: blood shot, red eye, painful. It is benign.

Answer 35

Uveitis