Eyes Flashcards
What is glaucoma?
Increased intraocular pressure and visual field loss, resulting in damage to the optic nerve and a build up of aqueous fluid
Types of glaucoma
Primary open angle glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma
Acute closed angle glaucoma
What is ocular hypertension?
Raised intra-ocular pressure
No optic disc damage
No loss of vision
How is ocular hypertension treated?
The same as primary open angle glaucoma
Prostglandin analogue - bimatoprost and latanoprost
What are features of open angle glaucoma?
Chronic
Sometimes symptomless
What are the features of closed angle glaucoma?
Acute onset
Painful
A narrow angle between the iris and cornea
Aims of treatment for glaucoma
Prevent significant loss of sight
Lower intraocular pressure
Minimal side effects
Targets of glaucoma drugs
Increase outflow of aqueous fluid
Reduce inflow of aqueous fluid
Reduce formation of aqueous fluid
Symptoms of glaucoma
Sudden severe painful red eyes
Rapid visual impairment
Severe headache
Halos around lights
Nausea and vomiting
Presentation of POAG (primary open-angle glaucoma)
Drainage canals in the eye become clogged
No early symptoms
Blind spots or patches of vision
Symptoms of POAG
Bilateral
Headache
Loss of peripheral vision
Blindness
Optic disc cupping and raised IOP
1st line treatment of POAG
Bimatoprost and Latanoprost - prostaglandin analogue
Increase aqueous fluid outflow
2nd line treatment of POAG
Prostaglandin analogue and topical beta blocker
Timolol - B blocker
Side effects of topical beta blockers
Corneal anaesthesia
Uveitis
Dryness
Burning and itching
What is the first line treatment for acute closed angle glaucoma (ACAG)
Oral or IV acetazolamide
