Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nurs 252 > Eyes And Ears > Flashcards

Eyes And Ears Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Movement of extraocular muscles is stimulated by what three cranial nerves

A

Abducens (VI) abducts the eye, moving laterally toward temple
Trochlear (IV) downward and inward toward the nose
Oculomotor (III) all other nerves, superior, inferior, medial recuts, inferior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Left optic tract has fibres only from the

A

Left half of each retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Right optic tract contains fibres only from the

A

Right half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Right side of the brain looks at the

A

Left side of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

OA eye considerations

A

Decreased tear production = dryness and burning
-Dec elasticity of skin
-muscle atrophy
-pupil size decrease, lens loose elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Presbyopia

A

Lens ability to change shape and accommodate is decreased
-around 40 YOA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Break down of cells in macula of retina
-loss of central vision, most common cause of blindness
-AMD (age related macular degeneration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cataract formation

A

Lens opacity
-clumping of proteins in the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure, damaged optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Snellen eye chart

A

Has lines of letters arranged in decreasing size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Confrontation test

A

Measures peripheral vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cover uncover test

A

Detects small depress of deviated alignment
-normal response should be a steady fixed gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil size
-CNS disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monocular blindness

A

No response in eyes to light being shone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted and fixed pupil
-use of narcotics, drops for glaucoma or pons damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilated and fixed pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

A

Pupils have no reaction to light but do constrict with accommodation
-CNS syphilis, brain tumour, miningits, alcolhis,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tonic pupil, aides pupil

A

Sluggish reaction to light and accommodation
-no pathological significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tonic pupil, aides pupil

A

Sluggish reaction to light and accommodation
-no pathological significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cranial nerve III damage (oculomotor)

A

Unilateral pupil dilation with no reaction to light or accommodation
-eye diabetes downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Horners syndrome

A

Lesion of sympathize nerve, unilateral, small regular pupil that does not react to light and accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII or auditory areas of cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mixed loss

A

Is a combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Women who are pregnant—> eye considerations
-eyes can be more dry
26
Newhorns and infants eyes
Should be able to blink, follow objects with eyes
27
OA and eyes
Drooping eyelids, change in curvature, eyes sit deeper, conjunctiva is thinner and may appear yellow
28
Acute assessments of the eye
Change in vision (loss), or double vision, blurring
29
Rapid assessment of the eye
-foreign bodies -lacerations -hyphema -test extraocular movements
30
Flashing lights vs floaters
Floaters - see my eyelashes, or ameoba (NORMAL) Flashing lights- NOT NORMAL
31
History needed for health history of infants and children
-vaginal infection during delivery -developmental milestone -routine vision testing
32
Infants and children’s consideration (ONE THING)
Children are unsure of vision or hearing problems and don’t mention them, so routine tests area valuable
33
T/f in dark skinnned people the sclera is often yellow
False, tiny brown patches or greyish blue
34
Visual field to confrontation
-need to be close and at the same level Stage one: is any bit of my face missing Stage two: covering each eye Stage three: covering one eye, moving white target and reporting when they can see it Stage four: blind spot
35
Almost in the centre the ___ is where the first ossicle is attached
Umbo
36
Pars flaccida versus the pars tensa
Flaccida- small slack superior section of the membrane Tensa- remainder of the membrane, thicker and tauter
37
What allows for equalization of air pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane
Eustachian tube
38
The six muscles of the eye are innervated by
Cranial nerves III and IV and VI
39
Three layers of eye
Sclera - protective layer, contains: cornea, iris and pupil Choroid- vascular layer containing collars body, iris Retina- visual receptive layer, ligh waves are changed into nerve impulses
40
Pupillary light reflex
Normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on the retina
41
Fixation
Reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting a persons attention
42
Accommodation
Adjustment of the eye for near vision, using ciliary muscle movement
43
Eye function at birth
Limited eye function -peripheral vision is intact -macula absent -eye movement poorly coordinated
44
The eyeball reaches adult size by
Age 8 years
45
Eye functions with again
-decreased tear production -pupil size decreases = presbyopia -senile cataract -diminished visual acuity
46
Three most common causes of decreased visual functioning in older adults
-cataracts -glaucoma diabetic retinopathy -macular degeneration
47
Testing subjective data of the eye
-vision difficulty -eye pain -diploia -redness or swelling -watering or discharge -ocular problems -glaucoma
48
To obtain objective data first test
Central visual acuity -Shellen or other eye chart -if over 40 test near vision
49
Asses visual fields by using the
Confrontation test
50
Asses extraocular msucle function by
Assessing the corneal light reflex -hirschberg test -cover uncover test -diagnostic position test
51
Observe optic disc
Color, shape, margins, and cup to disc ratio
52
Asses the retinal vessels
Number, color, calibre, arteriovenous crossings, artery vein ratio, tortusity and pulsations
53
Hearing involves
Auditory system at the peripheral level, brain stem and cerebral cortex
54
The ear transmit sound and converts
It’s vibrations into electrical impulses which are analyzed by the brain
55
Conductive hearing loss
Mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear -increased amplitude can cause person to hear
56
Example of conductive hearing loss
Cerumen buildup and otosclerosis
57
Sensorineural or perceptive hearing loss
Pathological condition of cranial verve VIII
58
Presbycusis
Age related gradual determination of the nerve may be the cause
59
Mixed hearing loss
Conductive and sensorineural
60
Vertigo occurs from
Inflammation of semicircular canals
61
Infants hearing
Eustachian tube is short, wide and more horizontal -pathogens can migrate to middle ear from Nasopharynx
62
In adults younger than 40 what is a common cause of conductive heating loss
Ostosclerosis
63
In older adults hearing acuity may be decreased because of
Coarse and stiff cilia lining the ear, impacted cerumen and nerve degeneration
64
Cover uncover test
Test for lazy eye -one eye drifts off and there will be movement -cover one eye, check for movement in the other
65
Corneal light reflex
Screening in younger -baby look ahead -penlight shine in eyes to the side There should be a “anime” glimmer in eyes
66
Pupillary light reflex and accommodation
Shine light on eye to see constriction -don’t see response = maybe not dark enough
67
PERRLA
Pupils equal round reactive light accommodation
68
Cardinal position
Eyes trace all six positions -checking extraocular muscular function as well as III, VI and IV CN
69
Assessment of retinal vessels
Arteries: brighter, thinner, shine with light reflect Vein: dimmer, bigger, do not shine -come in pairs, but should not cross
70
what are we assessing in fundus
Background color
71
Assessing ear-> always check the __ first!
Healthy ear first -bc children wont let you assess again if it’s extremely painful
72
Adults vs kids positioning of ear
Adults - up and back Kids- straight down -due to change in shape, and euschian tube (easier to get ear infection)
73
Normal tympanic membrane looks
Grey, shine, translucent
74
Strabismus
Weakness of extraocular muscles
75
Symptoms of xerostomia
Dry mouth -decreased taste, lubrication -hard to swallow -erosion of hard enamel
76
Rhinitis
Nostril swelling
77
Rhinitis
Nostril swelling

Nurs 252 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions