eyes, ears, and nose Flashcards
traumatic hyphema: most important complication to avoid and how to do it
rebleeding (clot disruption 3-5d after initial bleed)
- no aspirin or NSAIDs
- consider TXA or aminocaproic acid
- eye protection
- elevate head of the bed
- cycloplegics to relax the iris
- topical beta blockers, mannitol, or Diamox to relieve IOP
diplopia on upward gaze
inferior rectus entrapment 2/2 orbital blowout fracture
acute angle-closure glaucoma: pathophysiology
trabecular meshwork becomes acutely occluded by iris/lens > obstructed outflow of aqueous humor from posterior chamber to anterior chamber > increased IOP
acute angle-closure glaucoma: definition
IOP > 30
acute angle-closure glaucoma: tx
IV: Diamox, mannitol
topical: timolol, steroids, apraclonidine, pilocarpine
ultimately: laser iridotomy or iridectomy
TM perf: tx
dry ear precautions and ENT referral (don’t need abx)
causes of anterior vs posterior epistaxis
anterior: Kiesselbach plexus
posterior: sphenopalatine artery
epistaxis tx
direct pressure
TXA-soaked rocket
posterior pack (?Foley) and admit
What facial sinus gives rise to orbital cellulitis?
ethmoid
cranial nerves in the cavernous sinus
III, IV, V1 and V2 of V, VI
perichondritis
Pseudomonal cartilage infx
needs prolonged abx due to poor vascular supply to cartilage
perichondritis vs otitis externa
perichondritis doesn’t affect the lobule (no cartilage there)
corneal ulcer vs abrasion
similar sx but
ulcer = incomplete lid closure or sleeping w/contact lenses > white/hazy area abrasion = fluorescein uptake
traumatic iritis: tx
cycloplegic (ie homatropine)
topical steroids
dacrocystitis
S. aureus infects and obstructs nasolacrimal duct
