eyes PEDS

Question 1

maculla at birth? 4 months? 8 months?

Answer 1

• absent
• developing
• mature

Question 2

history for infants and children?

Answer 2

• vagina birth
• genital herpes
• vision testing at school

Question 3

when do you examine baby’s eyes?

Answer 3

first few days after birth

Question 4

what percent of children are born farsighted?

Answer 4

• 80%

- gradually decreases after 7-8 years

Question 5

visual acuity for newborn?

Answer 5

• shine a bright light and they should blink

- shine light in eyes and pupils should constrict

Question 6

what does absent pupillary reflex after 3 weeks mean?

Answer 6

blindness

Question 7

attending behaviors birth-2 weeks?

Answer 7

• refuse to open eyes to bright lights

- may fixate on object

Question 8

attending behaviors 2-4 weeks?

Answer 8

can fixate on object

Question 9

attending behaviors 1 month?

Answer 9

can fixate

follow toy

Question 10

attending behaviors 3-4 months?

Answer 10

fixate, follow, reach for a toy

Question 11

attending behaviors 6-10?

Answer 11

fixate, follow, reach for a toy in all directions

Question 12

what is the allen test? what age do you use it?

Answer 12

• picture cards
• 2.5 years to 2 and 11 months
• possibly for 2 years olds that are cooperative
• make sure the child knows what the objects are

Question 13

what age do you use snellen chart?

Answer 13

preschooler 3-6 year olds

Question 14

what is the E chart?

Answer 14

capitaol E’s that point in the directions that the table legs are pointing

Question 15

when do you test with the standard snellen alphabet chart?

Answer 15

7 years

Question 16

20/20 acuity by what age?

Answer 16

6-7 yrs

Question 17

what does confrontation test assess? when do you do this?

Answer 17

• peripheral fields

- older than 3

Question 18

why do u need to find strabismus early?

Answer 18

if diagnosised after 6 yr old then prognosis is bad

Question 19

what is different for child from adult for cover test?

Answer 19

hold their head

Question 20

what are brushfields spots?

Answer 20

• usually means down syndrome
• can be a normal finding
• littel white speckles around the edge of iris

Question 21

ocular fundus at infant? age 2-6?

Answer 21

• just find retina for infant

- find optic disc for 2-6

Question 22

when is peripheral vision intact?

Answer 22

newborn

Question 23

when do the eyeballs reach adult size?

Answer 23

8 years

Question 24

at birth what is the anatomy of the infants eyes like?

Answer 24

• iris shows little pigment
• pupils are small
• lens are nearly spherical
• lens are soft and plastic

Question 25

eye history for infants and children?

Answer 25

- vaginal infections in mother at time of delivery - parent noticed any visual issues - vision testing at school - safety measures

Question 26

what gene indicates color blindness? what percentage of people have this? who do you test and when?

Answer 26

- inherited recessive X-linked trait - 8% of white males - 4% of black males - 0.4% of females - test only boys - at 4 and 8 years old - seeing letters against color field

Question 27

what is strabismus? what does it cause?

Answer 27

- crossed eye - squint - causes disconjugate - brain surpasses data from weak eye to avoid unclear images - visual acuity in the 'good' eye beings to deteriorate

Question 28

what are doll eyes?

Answer 28

- when you hold an infant at arm's length and slowly turn him in one direction - baby's eyes will look in the same direction as the body is being turned - disappears by 2 months

Question 29

what is the epicanthal fold?

Answer 29

- excess skinfold extending over the inner corner of the eye - frequently in asian children - in non asian children is disappears by age 10

Question 30

what is entropion?

Answer 30

- inward turning of the eyelids | - common in asian children and is normal

Question 31

what does large spacing between eyes, upward lateral slope, and epicanthal folds all together occur with?

Answer 31

down syndrome

Question 32

are lacrimal glands functional at birth?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what may the sclera look like at birth?

Answer 33

- should be white and clear | - may have blue tint due to thinness

Question 34

what may silver nitrate instillation cause?

Answer 34

tranisent chemical conjunctivitis

Question 35

what color is the iris normally in light skinned newborns? dark skinned?

Answer 35

- blue or slate gray | - brown

Question 36

when does the permanent color of the iris appear?

Answer 36

6-9 months