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202 > eyes PEDS > Flashcards

eyes PEDS Flashcards

1
Q

maculla at birth? 4 months? 8 months?

A
  • absent
  • developing
  • mature
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2
Q

history for infants and children?

A
  • vagina birth
  • genital herpes
  • vision testing at school
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3
Q

when do you examine baby’s eyes?

A

first few days after birth

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4
Q

what percent of children are born farsighted?

A
  • 80%

- gradually decreases after 7-8 years

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5
Q

visual acuity for newborn?

A
  • shine a bright light and they should blink

- shine light in eyes and pupils should constrict

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6
Q

what does absent pupillary reflex after 3 weeks mean?

A

blindness

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7
Q

attending behaviors birth-2 weeks?

A
  • refuse to open eyes to bright lights

- may fixate on object

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8
Q

attending behaviors 2-4 weeks?

A

can fixate on object

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9
Q

attending behaviors 1 month?

A

can fixate

follow toy

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10
Q

attending behaviors 3-4 months?

A

fixate, follow, reach for a toy

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11
Q

attending behaviors 6-10?

A

fixate, follow, reach for a toy in all directions

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12
Q

what is the allen test? what age do you use it?

A
  • picture cards
  • 2.5 years to 2 and 11 months
  • possibly for 2 years olds that are cooperative
  • make sure the child knows what the objects are
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13
Q

what age do you use snellen chart?

A

preschooler 3-6 year olds

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14
Q

what is the E chart?

A

capitaol E’s that point in the directions that the table legs are pointing

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15
Q

when do you test with the standard snellen alphabet chart?

A

7 years

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16
Q

20/20 acuity by what age?

A

6-7 yrs

17
Q

what does confrontation test assess? when do you do this?

A
  • peripheral fields

- older than 3

18
Q

why do u need to find strabismus early?

A

if diagnosised after 6 yr old then prognosis is bad

19
Q

what is different for child from adult for cover test?

A

hold their head

20
Q

what are brushfields spots?

A
  • usually means down syndrome
  • can be a normal finding
  • littel white speckles around the edge of iris
21
Q

ocular fundus at infant? age 2-6?

A
  • just find retina for infant

- find optic disc for 2-6

22
Q

when is peripheral vision intact?

A

newborn

23
Q

when do the eyeballs reach adult size?

A

8 years

24
Q

at birth what is the anatomy of the infants eyes like?

A
  • iris shows little pigment
  • pupils are small
  • lens are nearly spherical
  • lens are soft and plastic
25
Q

eye history for infants and children?

A
  • vaginal infections in mother at time of delivery
  • parent noticed any visual issues
  • vision testing at school
  • safety measures
26
Q

what gene indicates color blindness? what percentage of people have this? who do you test and when?

A
  • inherited recessive X-linked trait
  • 8% of white males
  • 4% of black males
  • 0.4% of females
  • test only boys
  • at 4 and 8 years old
  • seeing letters against color field
27
Q

what is strabismus? what does it cause?

A
  • crossed eye
  • squint
  • causes disconjugate
  • brain surpasses data from weak eye to avoid unclear images
  • visual acuity in the ‘good’ eye beings to deteriorate
28
Q

what are doll eyes?

A
  • when you hold an infant at arm’s length and slowly turn him in one direction
  • baby’s eyes will look in the same direction as the body is being turned
  • disappears by 2 months
29
Q

what is the epicanthal fold?

A
  • excess skinfold extending over the inner corner of the eye
  • frequently in asian children
  • in non asian children is disappears by age 10
30
Q

what is entropion?

A
  • inward turning of the eyelids

- common in asian children and is normal

31
Q

what does large spacing between eyes, upward lateral slope, and epicanthal folds all together occur with?

A

down syndrome

32
Q

are lacrimal glands functional at birth?

A

no

33
Q

what may the sclera look like at birth?

A
  • should be white and clear

- may have blue tint due to thinness

34
Q

what may silver nitrate instillation cause?

A

tranisent chemical conjunctivitis

35
Q

what color is the iris normally in light skinned newborns? dark skinned?

A
  • blue or slate gray

- brown

36
Q

when does the permanent color of the iris appear?

A

6-9 months

202 (6 decks)

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