neuro PEDS

Question 1

process of myelination?

Answer 1

• cephalocaudal and proximodistal order
• head, neck, trunk, extremities
• lift head
• shoulders
• roll over
• crawling
• walking

Question 2

history?

Answer 2

• medication during pregnancy
• diabetes
• congenital defects
• reflexes
• balance, gait, muscular weakness, problems getting up from a lying position

Question 3

what indicates lead poisoning?

Answer 3

loss of newly learned skills

Question 4

physical examine at birth? 2 to 3 days? after that?

Answer 4

• very alert, eyes open, strong, urgent, sucking, loud, lusty cry
• mostly sleeping
• highly variable sleep/wake pattern

Question 5

smiles are what age? recognizes faces?

Answer 5

2 months

Question 6

babbling occurs at what month?

Answer 6

4 months

Question 7

what age do they say one or two words?

Answer 7

9 months

Question 8

what should an infants resting posture look like?

Answer 8

• flex position

- extremities symmetrically folded inward, hips slightly abducted, fists tightly flexed

Question 9

what age are their fists held in tight flexion for how long?

Answer 9

3 months

Question 10

what age do they purposefully reach for an object with both hands?

Answer 10

4 months

Question 11

what age are they transferring object from hand to hand?

Answer 11

7 months

Question 12

what age are they grasping using finger and opposing thumb?

Answer 12

9 months

Question 13

ambidextrous until what age?

Answer 13

1.5 years

Question 14

when does an infant localize stimulus and show more specific withdrawal?

Answer 14

7-9 months

Question 15

what are infantile automatisms?

Answer 15

reflexes that have a predictable timetable of appearance and departure

Question 16

rooting reflex?

Answer 16

• brush baby’s cheek near mouth
• turns head and wants to eat
• disappears at 3-4 months

Question 17

sucking reflex?

Answer 17

• disappears at 1 year

- touch lips and want to suck your finger

Question 18

palmar grasp?

Answer 18

• strongest at 1-2 months
• disappears at 3-4 months
• place head midline
• give them your finger from ulnar side and they will have a tight grasp
• sucking enhances grasp
• often pull baby to sitting position from grasp

Question 19

plantar grasp?

Answer 19

• disappears at 8-10

- touch ball of foot and toes curl in

Question 20

babinski reflex?

Answer 20

• disappears by 24 months
• stroke finger up lateral edge then across ball of feet
• fanning of toes (positive)

Question 21

moro reflex?

Answer 21

• disappears at 1-4 months
• startle
• symmetric abduction of arms

Question 22

placing reflex?

Answer 22

• appears 4 days after birth

- places foot on table

Question 23

stepping reflex?

Answer 23

• disappears before walking
• hold infant above hard surface
• feet alternate like walking
• straight up movements not scissors

Question 24

CN I

Answer 24

smell: use familiar scent

Question 25

CN II, III, IV, VI

Answer 25

• visual fields: cardinal positions of gaze

- gently immobilize head

Question 26

CN VII

Answer 26

• facial: ask child to mimic your facial expressions
• make funny faces
• make a game out of it

Question 27

what is gower’s sign?

Answer 27

• from supine position, child rolls to one side, bends forward to all 4 extremities, plants hands on legs, and climbs up himself
• due to weak muscles
• sign of muscular dystrophy

Question 28

when is fine coordination fully developed? how do you test?

Answer 28

• 4 to 6 years
• using finger to nose test
• normal if child can bring finger to within 1 to 2 inches of the nose

Question 29

what reflex s present at birth?

Answer 29

• knee reflex
• ankle and brachial reflexes appear after
• triceps reflex appears at 6 months

Question 30

what is Denver II

Answer 30

• screening test to detect developmental delays in infants and preschoolers
• tests gross motor, language, fine motor activities, and personal social skills
• test done from birth to 6 years old
• takes 10-25 min