(F) - Skills for MT/MLS Part 1.1 Flashcards
- the process of making choices by identifying a decision,
gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions - Integral to and a primary function of modern
management - A deliberate process of applying models based on
deductive, inductive, analytical, and simulation
approaches
Decision Making
TOF. The closer a person is to the manager and effects of a decision, the higher the quality of the decision
F. information (hindi manager)
This requires stretching, coaching, training, giving
authority, and implying permission to make mistakes (judiciouslyapplied) (Pickett, 2001)
Empowerment
A course of action purposely chosen from a
set of alternatives to achieve organizational or
managerial objectives or goals
Decision
aralin mo figure 1.4 regarding decision making process, Tables 1.2, and 1.3
good gurl
- Defined as a deviation or an imbalance between what “should be” and what “actually is” happening
- Change of one kind or another.
- Answered by the question, “what is wrong that needs
correction”.
The Problem
- Causality-based problems
- Meaning-based problems
Categories of Problem
Categories of a Problem
- well defined boundaries
- elements are connected primarily through cause and effect.
- linear relationship
Ex:
- the laboratory intercom’s failure to work properly
- boundaries are well-defined
- These elements are linked by cause and effect.
Causality-based problems
Categories of a Problem
- boundaries are poorly defined.
- rarely are linked directly by cause and effect
- the nature of their connections depends on the meaning attached to each elements.
Ex:
- the financial proceeds of the laboratory is declining
- Which elements are in and which are not?
- The facilities, the personnel, the scope of activity, the trend
- the elements to include are not given, they must be chosen.
Meaning-based problems
Type of problem solving approach where employers allow or encourage employees to share or
participate in organizational decision-making
Participative Problem Solving
Type of Problem Solving in which a manager may choose to make the decision alone or request input from an individual with specific expertise or experience in
the subject matter
Unilateral Problem Solving
- Find the problem
- Diagnose the problem
- Develop alternative solutions
- Evaluate alternative solutions
- Select the best solution – the decision point
- Implement the solution after developing a plan
- Evaluate feedback and take corrective action where needed to ensure the problem is solved.
Seven Steps of Problem Solving
Sources;
- Failure to meet objectives
- decreased production or quality of service
- lowered employee morale
- diminishing income
- rise in incident reports
- Employees, peers and supervisors
Finding problem
TOF. A manager need only be alert to the existence of problems and prepared to investigate their causes.
T
To assure a good diagnosis you should:
1. Define the problem in writing as briefly and accurately as possible
2. Gather as much data as possible to determine the cause/s
3. Identify the specific cause to reduce work latter on
4. Identify known constraints and barriers that would preclude some
solutions
Diagnose the Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
- to develop a list of possible solutions
- as many solutions as possible should be identified
- but none of them should be evaluated
- Criticizing the suggestions
- to inhibit contributions, one of which could possibly be the basis
of the best solution.
Brainstorming approach
▪ Direct look at the pros and cons
▪ Cost-benefit analysis may be appropriate
* Financial aspect should be quantified
* The patient benefits verified
Evaluate Alternative Solution
Careful consideration must be given as to how the decision is to be made
Selecting the Best Solution
- Considered decision
- Operational decisions
- Swallow hard decisions
- Ten-second decisions
4 Major Types of Decision
4 Major Types of Decision
- have a major effect on the total operation
- complicated and require considerable reflection
- require much interaction with others
Considered decision
4 Major Types of Decision
- the routine kinds of things we do on day to day basis
- an excellent opportunity to develop as decision makers
Operational decisions
4 Major Types of Decision
- The kind that are often personally uncomfortable
- Usually deal with interpersonal relationships
- Employees may not like the decision but they can understand why it was made.
Swallow hard decisions
4 Major Types of Decision
- dictated by external pressure
- an employee requesting an hour off that day
- primarily unilateral decisions
- managers must remember that he will be held accountable for the decision
. Ten-second decisions
▪ plan must be developed
▪ designation of required personnel
▪ list of available financial
▪ material resources
▪ assignment of authority, responsibility and accountability
▪ gaining employee acceptance
Implement the Solution
