F. Soil Science Flashcards by Lhy Buquiron

The molten mass where igneous rocks solidify from

A. Core
C. Mantle
B. Magma
D. Soil

B. Magma

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Rocks formed by cooling and solidification of molten magma and lava in the crust.

A. Extrusive rocks
C. Sedimentary rocks
B. Igneous rocks
D. Intrusive rocks

B. Igneous rocks

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Rocks that are formed when magma did not reach the earth’s surface but solidifies in the cavities or cracks that the magma had made by pushing the surrounding rock apart or by melting or dissolving it.

A. Extrusive rocks
C. Granitic rocks
B. Intrusive rocks
D. Basaltic rocks

B. Intrusive rocks

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Rock classification that are laid down by water.

A. Metamorphic rocks
C. Gravitational rocks
B. Sedimentary rocks
D. Mechanical rocks

B. Sedimentary rocks

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Rocks that were formed from the partial melting of existing rocks due heat, pressure chemical action.

A. Metamorphic rocks
C. Igneous rocks
B. Sedimentary rocks
D. Volcanic rocks

A. Metamorphic rocks

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The study of soil which puts more emphasis on the origin, characteristics, classification and description:

A. Pedology
C. Pathology
B. Botany
D. Agronomy

A. Pedology

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Individual soil layer or layers parallel to the ground surface.

A. Profile
C. Horizon
B. Pedon
D. Solum

C. Horizon

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It refers to the arrangement of primary soil particles into secondary units or aggregates

A. Soil consistency
C. Soil structure
B. Soil texture
D. Soil density

C. Soil structure

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Ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water

A. Apparent specific density
C. Particle Density
B. Real specific Density
D. Bulk Density

B. Real specific Density

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A natural body composed of a variable mixture of broken and weathered minerals and decaying organic matter and when containing the proper amount of air and water, supplies sustenance and gives
mechanical support of plants:

A. Fertilizer
C. Humus
B. Soil
D. Mineral

B. Soil

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The decomposition of the complex substances of rocks and minerals resulting to changes in chemical composition, release of soluble materials and formation of new minerals.

A. Exfoliation
C. Chemical weathering
B. Weathering
D. Physical weathering

C. Chemical weathering

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The most influential factor in soil formation.

A. Biosphere
C. Parent material
B. Climate
D. Time

B. Climate

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The ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unitless).

A. Soil Texture
C. Porosity
B. Soil Structure
D. Dry weight basis

C. Porosity

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Ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the density of water; it is the ratio of the weight of soil to the weight of water with volume equal to the total soil volume.

A. Apparent specific gravity
C. Particle density
B. Real specific gravity
D. Bulk density

A. Apparent specific gravity

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The upper diameter size limit of clay particles is

A. 2.0 mm
C. 0.2 mm
B. 0.002 mm
D. 0.02 mm

B. 0.002 mm

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The upper diameter size limit of silt particles is

A. 2.0 mm
C. 0.2 mm
B. 0.002 mm
D. 0.02 mm

D. 0.02 mm

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The upper diameter size limit of sand particles is

A. 2.0 mm
C. 0.2 mm
B. 0.002 mm
D. 0.02 mm

A. 2.0 mm

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The conversion of ammonium form of nitrogen to nitrate.

A. Nitrification
C. Denitrification
B. Ammonification
D. Volatilization

A. Nitrification

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Soil texture class wherein sand, silt and clay are in almost equal proportion in a soil mass.

A. Sand
C. Loam
B. Silt
D. Clay

C. Loam

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The ideal bulk density value of a soil.

A. 2.33 g/m3
C. 1.65 g/m3
B. 1.33 g/m3
D. 2.66 g/m3

B. 1.33 g/m3

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Identify the soil physical property that is not readily subject to change, so it is considered a basic soil property.

A. Soil structure
C. Bulk density
B. Soil texture
D. Soil color

B. Soil texture

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The percent N, P2O5 and K2O in a fertilizer

A. Fertilizer grade
C. Fertilizer recommendation
B. Fertilizer ratio
D. None of these

A. Fertilizer grade

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It is the conversion of organic to inorganic forms of nitrogen.

A. Ammonification
C. Nitrification
B. Mineralization
D. Volatilization

B. Mineralization

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Characteristic feel of silt separates when rubbed in between the finger is

A. Gritty
C. Sticky
B. Floury
D. All of these

B. Floury

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The loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere in the form of ammonia. A. Ammonification C. Nitrification B. Denitrification D. Volatilization

D. Volatilization

In flooded soils, nitrate undergoes reduction and lost as gas in a process termed as A. Denitrification C. Nitrification B. Nitrogen fixation D. Volatilization

A. Denitrification

The study of the mechanical behavior of soils. A. Soil physics C. Soil chemistry B. Soil microbiology D. Soil mechanics

A. Soil physics

The mineral matter component of soils makes up about A. 25% C. 50% B. 30% D. 45%

D. 45%

Which of the following causes soil acidity? A. Green manuring C. Leaching of bases B. Irrigation D. Liming

C. Leaching of bases

Which of the following soil microorganism is the most numerous in soils? A. Bacteria C. Virus B. Fungi D. Actinomycetes

A. Bacteria

It refers to grouping of soils in an orderly manner so that their properties can be easily recommended. A. Soil science C. Soil survey B. Soil classification D. Soil topography

B. Soil classification

The process of classifying soil types and other properties in a given area. A. Soil science C. Soil survey B. Soil classification D. Soil map

C. Soil survey

Refers to the vertical cross-sections of the earth which shows the different soil horizons. A. Soil profile C. Pendon B. Horizon D. Polypedonmy

A. Soil profile

Which of the following is an igneous rock? A. Granite C. Shale B. Limestone D. Sandstone

A. Granite

Soil textural classes are defined in terms of ranges in variation in A. Structure C. Texture B. Weathering D. Drainage

C. Texture

The function of parent material in soil formation with other factors as constant. A. Lithofunction C. Biofunction B. Chronofunction D. Climofunction

A. Lithofunction

The deficiency symptom is yellowing of the lower leaves. A. Phosphorous C. Nitrogen B. Potassium D. Sulfur

C. Nitrogen

The deficiency symptom is yellowing of the upper leaves. A. Phosphorous C. Nitrogen B. Potassium D. Sulfur

D. Sulfur

This refers to organic and inorganic matter which are exceedingly small but have high surface area per unit weight or volume. A. Organic matter C. Soil solid B. Soil colloid D. Soil texture

B. Soil colloid

A red soil is generally A. Basic C. Sodic B. Acidic D. Saline

B. Acidic

The group of soil microorganisms which have the ability to photosynthesize. A. Algae C. Nematodes B. Fungi D. Protozoa

A. Algae

Residues of living things in all state of decomposition whose influence on the soil properties is very significant even if present in very small amount. A. Inorganic matter C. Soil air B. Organic matter D. Soil solid

B. Organic matter

Studies the field observable attributes of the soil within the various soil horizon and the description of the kind and arrangement of the horizons. A. Soil physics C. Soil morphology B. Soil fertility D. Soil taxonomy

C. Soil morphology

The bacteria which live symbiotically with the roots of legumes and are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. A. Rhizobia C. Mycorrhizae B. Aspergillus D. Penicillium

A. Rhizobia

A group of microorganisms which can produce antibiotic compounds that kill other microorganisms. A. Bacteria C. Actinomycetes B. Nematodes D. Protozoa

C. Actinomycetes

An indication of the compactness of the soil. A. Soil texture C. Bulk density B. Particle density D. Soil structure

C. Bulk density

The stable fraction of the soil organic matter that remains after decomposition. A. Carbohydrates C. Humus B. Carbon D. Organic matter

C. Humus

A group of soils which developed from the same parent material and whose profile characteristics are the same. A. Soil order C. Soil family B. Soil series D. None of these

B. Soil series

Materials which are natural or synthetic in origin which when added to the soil can supply nutrients to the growing plants. A. Fertilizers C. Minerals B. Humus D. Organic matter

A. Fertilizers

A method of soil fertility evaluation whereby nutrients are known before a crop is planted. A. Soil test C. Plant analysis B. Biological test D. None of these

A. Soil test

A compound excreted by plant roots during the process of respiration which is one of the causes of soil acidity. A. Cabonic acid C. Carbon dioxide B. Hydrogen D. Oxygen

B. Hydrogen

A form of fertilizer that is applied through the leaves. A. Commercial fertilizer C. Organic fertilizer B. Foliar fertilizer D. Inorganic fertilizer

B. Foliar fertilizer

The capability of the soil being molded by hand is A. Stickiness C. Plasticity B. Tilth D. Cracking

C. Plasticity

A term for the initial application of fertilizer for crops A. Basal application C. Side dressing B. Top dressing D. Band application

A. Basal application

Black color indicates the predominance of A. Organic matter C. Iron oxides B. Salts D. Manganese

A. Organic matter

The pore spaces meant to retain moisture A. Macropores C. Micropores B. Maxipores D. Mesopores

C. Micropores

The pore spaces meant to drain excess moisture A. Macropores C. Micropores B. Endopores D. Mesoporesc

A. Macropores

The mass per unit volume of the soil particle is: A. Porosity C. Soil density B. Void ratio D. Specific gravity

C. Soil density

The detachment and transport of soil particles from the land by water or wind action. A. Erodibility C. Erosion B. Erosivity D. Soil erosion

D. Soil erosion

The ratio of the volume of water to the total soil volume. A. Volume basis or volumetric MC C. Porosity B. Dry weight basis D. Soil Texture

A. Volume basis or volumetric MC

The ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of solid is: A. Void ratio C. Specific gravity B. Porosity D. Soil density

A. Void ratio

The direct attraction of similar molecules between similar molecules: A. Collision C. Repulsion B. Attraction D. Cohesion

D. Cohesion

The method of fertilizer application in which the fertilizer is dissolved in water as prescribed and then sprayed on the upper portion of the plant particularly the leaves. A. Broadcast method C. Foliar spray fertilizer B. Side dressing method D. Localized fertilizer

C. Foliar spray fertilizer

Vulnerability or susceptibility of the soil to erosion. It is a function of both the physical properties of the soil and land management practices. A. Erodibility C. Susceptibility B. Erosivity D. Vulnerability

A. Erodibility

The localized fertilizer placement wherein fertilizers are applied along the furrows prior to seeding or as strips on one or both sides of the row about 5 cm away and below the seeds. A. Banding C. Sidedressing B. Basal D. Topdressing

C. Sidedressing

The soil’s inherent susceptibility to erosion which is influenced by infiltration capacity and structure stability. A. Rainfall erosivity C. Rainfall intensity B. Soil erodibility D. Rainfall duration

B. Soil erodibility

A vertical section to the soil mass where significant changes in the soil texture and structure with depth are observed: A. Soil profile C. Soil texture B. Soil structure D. Soil taxonomy

A. Soil profile

Ratio of the bulk density to the density of water: A. Apparent specific gravity C. Soil volume B. Oven-dry weight D. Porosity

A. Apparent specific gravity

It is the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the weight of the water with volume equal to the soil bulk volume: A. Apparent specific gravity C. Particle density B. Real specific gravity D. Bulk density

A. Apparent specific gravity

If a soil sample is compacted: A. Its moisture content decreases C. Its nutrient content diminishes B. Its porosity remains the same D. Its bulk density increases

D. Its bulk density increases

Refers to the proportion of Carbon and Nitrogen in fresh organic matter, humus, and whole soil: A. Alkalinity C. Dry matter B. C:N Ratio D. Salinity

B. C:N Ratio

Coarse-textured soils generally have: A. Lower water holding capacity C. Minimal water holding capacity B. Higher water holding capacity D. None of these

A. Lower water holding capacity

The measure of the potential of a soil to give up or exchange positively charged ions or molecules: A. Alkalinity C. Fertility B. CEC D. Salinity

B. CEC

The pH range of a neutral soil: A. 2.1-3.1 C. 6.6-7.3 B. 7.4-8.1 D. 4.4-5.1

C. 6.6-7.3

The relative proportion of sand, silt and clay determine the: A. Soil texture C. Soil profile B. Soil particle D. Soil structure

A. Soil texture

The arrangements of primary particles in the soil into units or peds. A. Soil texture C. Dry weight basis B. Porosity D. Soil structure

D. Soil structure

Term usually applied to microorganisms that require oxygen to live and reproduce: A. Anaerobic C. Mesophilic B. Aerobic D. Thermophilic

B. Aerobic

The most stable and chief component of most soil on volumetric basis: A. Chemical element C. Mineral particles B. Water D. Air

C. Mineral particles

A management system wherein nutrients in the soil are being enhanced and/or maintain to support plant growth is: A. Soil management C. Cropping management B. Water management D. Fertilization

A. Soil management

Example/s of biofertilizers is/are: A Nitro plus which contains Rhizobium bacteria C. Mycovam containing mycorrhizae B. Bio-N containing Azosprillum D. All of these

D. All of these

The term that pertains to the end product of decomposition A. Slime C. Humus B. Sludge D. Organic matter

C. Humus

The process of converting soil Nitrate into gaseous Nitrogen or Nitrous Oxide. A. Ammonification C. Denitrification B. Nitrification D. Siltation

C. Denitrification

Remains of plants and animals in varying stages of decomposition. A. Slime C. Humus B. Sludge D. Organic matter

D. Organic matter

Vertical section from the surface downward to the bedrock, individual layers are regarded as horizons. A. Field profile C. Water profile B. Soil profile D. Plant profile

B. Soil profile

The soil which contains more or less equal amounts of sand, silt and clay. A. Acid soils C. Volcanic soils B. Alkaline soils D. Loam soils

D. Loam soils

The capacity of rainfall to effect the detachment and transport of soil particles: A. Erodibility C. Erosivity B. Effectivity D. Conductivity

C. Erosivity

Which best describes red soil? A Contains plenty of iron with good drainage C. Low in fertility and poor in drainage B. Poor in organic matter D. Very rich, particularly high in nitrogen

A Contains plenty of iron with good drainage

It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water: A. Apparent specific gravity C. Particle density B. Real specific density D. Bulk density

B. Real specific density

A soil ph above 7.7: A. Acidic C. Alkali soil B. Basic D. None of these

C. Alkali soil

Naturally occurring elements or inorganic compounds in solid state, with definite chemical composition, unique crystalline structure, and certain physical properties: A. Humus C. Solum B. Minerals D. Compost

B. Minerals

At what soil type will the furrow length be longer in a furrow irrigation system? A. Sandy soil C. Clay soil B. Silty soil D. Sandy loam

C. Clay soil

The process whereby rocks undergo physical or chemical changes, or both, to achieve equilibrium with conditions other than those under which they were originally formed: A. Weathering C. Metamorphism B. Disintegration D. Decomposition

C. Metamorphism

This type of rock forming minerals is formed by direct union of an element with sulfur. A. Sulfide rock-forming minerals C. Ferromagnesium B. Non-ferromagnesians D. Carbonate

A. Sulfide rock-forming minerals

Refers to the manifestation of physical forces of cohesion and adhesion acting within the soil at various moisture contents. A. Soil consistency C. Soil aggregate B. Soil cohesion D. Soil texture

A. Soil consistency

It has the property of soil which enables clay to change slope without cracking when it is subjected to deforming stress. A. Puddlability C. Permeability B. Friability D. Plasticity

D. Plasticity

It refers to the ease of crumbling of soils. A. Puddlability C. Permeability B. Friability D. Plasticity

B. Friability

It is the term used in referring the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock: A. Regolith C. Topsoil B. Subsoil D. Humus

A. Regolith

An aerobic process involving the production of Nitrates from Ammonium salt: A. Nitrification C. Denitrification B. Salinization D. Ammonification

A. Nitrification

The only substance on earth that exists naturally in three phases, namely, gas, liquid and solid: A. Mercury C. Water B. Carbon dioxide D. Oxygen

C. Water

The number and activity of bacteria in the soil are affected by: A. pH C. Oxygen supply B. Moisture D. All of these

D. All of these