F3 Structures and shapes of polyatomic molecules Flashcards

1
Q

formal charge

A

FC = # of valence electrons - # of lone pair electrons - (1/2)*# of bonding electrons

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2
Q

VSEPR - Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory

A

Method to predict the shape of a molecule

  1. Molecules are held together by electron pairs, bonding pairs
  2. Lone pairs are not involved in bonding
  3. Lone pairs are negatively charged, they repel each other
  4. Lone pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs
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3
Q

Method to determine structure, according to VSEPR:

A
  1. Identify the central atom (formal charges as low as possible)
  2. Calculate the number of electron pairs around the central atom
  3. Determine the basic structure from the number of electron pairs
  4. Determine the geometry from the number of lone pairs
  5. Consider lone pair repulsion (lone-lone > lone-bond > bond-bond)
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4
Q

VSEPR – Geometries adopted by molecules with no lone pair:

A

AX2 -> linear (180°)
AX3 -> trigonal planar (120°)
AX4 -> tetrahedral (109,5°)
AX5 -> trigonal bipyramidal (120°, 90°)
AX6 -> octrahedral (90°)
AX7 -> pentagonal bipyramidal (90°, 72°)

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5
Q

VSEPR – Geometries adopted by molecules with one lone pair:

A

AX2E -> bent (<120°)
AX3E -> trigonal pyramidal (<109,5°)
AX4E -> disphenoidal (<120°, <90°)
AX5E -> square pyramidal (<90°)

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6
Q

CO2: The two dipoles within the molecule cancel each other out. CO2 is …

H20: The two dipoles within the molecule do not cancel each other out. H2O is …

A

non-polar

polar

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7
Q

Hybridisation of orbitals can be used to explain …

A

the geometry of polyatomic molecules

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8
Q

Rita Lewis strukturen för följande molekyler:
i) CH4
ii) NH3
iii) CO2
iv) AlCl3

A
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9
Q

Vilka av följande molekyler har lone pairs? Hur många?
i) CH4
ii) NH3
iii) CO2
iv) AlCl3

A

i) 0
ii) 1
iii) 4
iv) 9

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10
Q

Rita Lewis strukturen för följande molekyler:
i) C2H6
ii) NaCl
iii) HCN
iv) BBr3

A
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11
Q

Vilka av följande molekyler har lone pairs? Hur många?
i) C2H6
ii) NaCl
iii) HCN
iv) BBr3

A

i) 0
ii) 3
iii) 1
iv) 9

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12
Q

Använd VSEPR-modellen för att beskriva och rita den tredimensionella strukturen för följande molekyler:
a) CH4
b) NH3
c) CO2
d AlCl3
Vad är bindningsvinklarna i molekylerna?

A
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13
Q

Förklara med hjälp av VESPR vattenmolekylens geometri.

A
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14
Q

steric number (SN) =

A

SN = # of atoms bonded to central atom + # of lone pairs on central atom

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15
Q

Använd VSEPR-modellen för att beskriva och rita den tredimensionella strukturen för följande molekyler:
a) C2H6
b) NaCl
c) HCN
d) BBr3
Vad är bindningsvinklarna i molekylerna?

A
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16
Q

Förklara med hjälp av VESPR ammoniakmolekylens geometri.

A
17
Q

Förklara med hjälp av VESPR metanmolekylens geometri och rita hur metanmolekylen ser ut i tre dimensioner.

A
18
Q

Använd VSEPR teorin till att uppskatta strukturen för SiO2.

A
19
Q

VSEPR – Geometries adopted by molecules with two lone pairs:

A

AX2E2 -> bent (<109,5°)
AX3E2 -> T-shaped (<90°)
AX4E2 -> square planar (90°)