FA virology Flashcards
learn dat shit (25 cards)
Which viruses have live attenuated vaccines?
smallpox, yellow fever, chicken pox, sabin’s polio virus, MMR, influenza
Which viruses have killed vaccines?
RIP Always
Rabies, influenza (injected), Salk Polio virus, HAV vaccine
Which virus has a recombinant vaccine?
HBV
What are the DNA viruses?
HHAPPPPy viruses
hepadna, Herpes, adeno, pox, parvo, papilloma, polyoma
What are the picornaviruses?
PERCH
Poliovirus: polio, Salk vaccine=IPV; Sabin vaccine=OPV
-Echovirus: aseptic meningitis
-Rhinovirus: common cold
-Coxsackie virus: aseptic meningitis; herpangina (mouth blisters, fever); hand, foot and mouth diseases; myocarditis
-HAV: acute viral hepatitis
What are the paramyxoviruses?
PaRaMyxovirus:
- parainfluenza: croup
- RSV: bronchiolitis in babies (Rx with ribavirin)
- Measles, Mumps
Which viruses are naked (no envelope)?
Give PAPP smears and CPR to naked Heppy
Papillomavirus, adenovirusm parvovirus, polyomavirus, calcivirus, picornavirus, reovirus, Hepevirus
positive stranded RNA viruses
can replicate w/o RNA dependent RNA polymerase
- retrovirus
- togavirus
- flavivirus
- coronavirus
- hepevirus
- calicivirus
- picornavirus
What are the negative stranded RNA viruses?
Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Orthomyxoviruses, filovirus, rhabdovirus
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Which viruses are segmented?
BOAR
Bunyavirus, orthomyxovirus (influenza), arenavirus, Reoviruses
zanamivir, oseltmivir
inhibit influenza neuradminidase, dec. release of viral progeny
-tx and prevention of influenza A and B
ribavirin
inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
- Tx of RSV and chronic HCV
- Tox: hemolytic anemia, severe teratogen
acyclovir and valacyclovir
valacyclovir is prodrug with better oral bioavailablity
- MOA: monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase. Guanine analog. Triphosphate formed by cellular enzymes. Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymeraze by chain termination
- Use: HSV and VZV (weak against EBV, no activity against CMV)
- resistance gained thru mutated viral thymidine kinase
tx of herpes zoster
famciclovir (related to acyclovir)
ganciclovir
valganciclovir is prodrug with better oral bioavailability
MOA: guanosine analog. monophosphate added by CMV viral kinase. Inhibits DNA polymerase
-Use in CMV (esp immunocompromised patients)
-tox: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity
foscarnet
MOA: pyrophosphate analog binds and blocks DNA polymerase *does not require activation by viral kinase
Use: 2nd line if tx fails (CMV retinitis in immunocompromised when ganciclovir fails; acyclovir resistant HSV)
Tox: nephrotoxicity
Cidofovir
MOA: inhibits viral DNA pol *does not require activation by viral kinase
Use: 2nd line when others fail
tox: nephrotoxicity (give with probenecid and IV saline to reduce toxicity)
What is HAART therapy?
highly active antiretroviral therapy: initiated when patients present with AIDS defining illness, low CD4<500, or high viral load
-regimen of 3 drugs: 2 NRTIs + NNRTI or PI or II
What are the protease inhibitors? MOA? Toxicities?
all end in –navir (lopinavir, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, squinavir, ritonavir, indinavir)
-block HIV protease (which cleaves polypeptide into it’s functional parts)–>prevents maturation of new viruses
- Tox: hyperglycemia, GI intolerance (N/V/D), lipodystrophy
indinavir: nephropathy, hematuria
what are the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)? MOA? Toxicities?
- tenofovir, emtricitabine, abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine
- MOA: nucleoside analogs that competitively inhibit viral reverse transcriptase
- all need to be phosphorylated to become activated except tenofovir
- tox: bone marrow suppression (reverse with G-CSF and Epo), peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis (nucleosides), rash (non-nucleosides), anemia (ZDV)
What are the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)? MOA? Toxicities?
- nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine
- MOA: inactivate reverse transcriptase *do not require phosphorylation to be active or compete with nucleotides
- Tox: same as NRTI; bone marrow suppression (reverse with G-CSF and Epo), peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis (nucleosides), rash (non-nucleosides), anemia (ZDV)
What is the integrase inhibitor? MOA? Toxicities?
- raltegravir
- inhibits HIV genome intergration into host cell chromosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase
- Tox: hypercholesterolemia
Interferon alpha can be used to treat what?
chronic HBV or HCV
kaposi’s sarcoma
Interferon Beta can be used to treat what?
MS
