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Immuno Flashcards

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1
Q

Splenic dysfunction leaves patients susceptible to encapsulated organisms. What are these organisms?

A

SHiN SKiS

Strep pneumo
Haemophilus influenza
Neisseria meningitidis

Salmonella
Klebsiella
Group B strep

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2
Q

Which encapsulated primary lymphoid organ contains hassals corpuscles in the medulla?

A

Thymus

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3
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: A3

A

Hemochromatosis

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4
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: B27

A

PAIR

psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, reiters syndrome

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5
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DQ2/DQ8

A

Celiac disease

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6
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR2

A

Multiple sclerosis, hay fever, SLE, goodpastures syndrome

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7
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR 3

A

DM type 1, Graves’ disease

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8
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR4

A

DM TYPE 1, RA

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9
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR5

A

Pernicious anemia (B12 def), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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10
Q

Which cytokines enhance the activity of NK cells?

A

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-alpha

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11
Q

I’m a CD4+ helper T-cell, and I want to become a Th1 cell what cytokine do I need? What if I had wanted to be a Th2 cell?

A

Th1: IL-12
Th2: IL-4

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12
Q

I’m a Th1 helper T cell. What is my main function? What cytokines do I secrete? What cytokines inhibit me?

A

I activate macrophages and phagocytic cells–cell mediated killing
I secrete IFN-gamma
I’m inhibited by IL-4 and IL-10 from the Th2 cells
My transcription factor is Tbe

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13
Q

I’m a Th2 helper T cell. What is my main function? What cytokines do I secrete? What cytokines inhibit me?

A

I recruit eosinophils for parasite defense and promote IgE production from B cells.
I secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13
I’m inhibited by IFN-gamma from those Th1 cells
My transcription factor is GATA-3

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14
Q

I’m a Regulatory T cell. What is my main function? What surface markers do I express? What cytokines do I secrete (anti-inflammatory)?

A

I suppress CD4/8 cells effector functions
I express CD3, CD4, CD25 (and transcription factor FOXP3)
I secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta

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15
Q

Mature lymphocytes express which two antibodies on their cell surface?

A

IgM (monomer)

IgD

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16
Q

Which antibody crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

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17
Q

Which antibodies activate complement?

A

IgG

IgM

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18
Q

Which antibody can poisoning bacteria and neutralize toxins and viruses?

A

IgG

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19
Q

Which antibody is secreted from mucus membranes and is also in tears and colostrum?

20
Q

Which 2 complement components contribute to anaphylaxis?

21
Q

What are 2 factors that inhibit complement binding and prevent complement activation on self-cells?

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A

Decay accelerating factor (DAF)

C1 inhibitor

22
Q

What are the two primary opsonins involved in bacterial defense?

23
Q

Which complement components form the membrane attack complex?

24
Q

Complement disorders: C1 esterase deficiency?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hereditary angioedema

ACEI contraindicated

25
Complement disorders: C3 deficiency
Severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections Inc susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity
26
Complement disorders: C5-C9 deficiency
Recurrent neisseria bacteremia
27
Complement disorders: DAF deficiency
Complement mediated lysis of RBCs and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
28
I'm the cytokines mediator of septic shock. I activate the endothelium and cause leukocyte recruitment and vascular leak. I'm secreted by macrophages. Who am I?
TNF-alpha
29
HOT T-BONE stEAk
``` IL-1: fever (HOT) Il-2: stimulates T CELLS IL-3: stimulates BONE marrow IL-4: stimulates IgE IL-5: stimulates IgA ```
30
Which 2 cytokines secreted by macrophages are endogenous pyrogens, causing acute inflammation and fever?
IL-1 | IL-6
31
which cytokine secreted by macrophages recruits neutrophils?
IL-8
32
What is the mechanism by which superantigens (S pyogens, S aureus) activate T cells?
Cross-link the beta region of the TCR to MHC Class II on APCs--leads to massive release of cytokines
33
How do endotoxins (LPS) activate an immune response?
Stimulate macrophages by binding endotoxin receptor CD14. Th cells are not involved
34
After exposure to what bugs are patient s given preformed antibodies "To Be Healed Rapidly"
Tetanus toxin, botulinum Toxin, HBV, rabies virus (patients given both passive and active)
35
Which vaccines are live-attenuated?
Measles, mumps, polio (sabin), varicella, yellow fever
36
What diseases are primarily due to type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions?
``` Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Pernicious anemia Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Erythroblastosis fetalis Acute hemolytic transfusion rxns Rheumatic fever Goodpastures syndrome Bulbous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris *all involve specific site/tissue where antigen is found ```
37
Which vaccines are given as killed/inactivated?
Cholera, hepatitis, polio (Salk), rabies
38
What diseases are primarily due to type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
anaphylaxis (bee sting, food) | allergic and atopic (rhinitis, hay fever, eczema, hives)
39
What diseases are primarily due to a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
``` SLE polyarteritis nodosa post-strep glomerulonephritis serum sickness arthus reaction (after tetanus vaccine) ```
40
What diseases are primarily due to a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
``` Multiple slcerosis Guillan-Barre syndrome Graft versus host disease PPD (test for TB) contact dermatitis (poison ivy) ```
41
cerebellar defects (ataxia), spider angiomas (telangiectasia), IgA deficiency Labs show elevated AFP What immune deficiency does this patient have?
ataxia-telangiectasia which is a defect in the ATM gene (DNA repair)
42
patient presents with thrombocytopenic purpura, infections, and eczema Labs show: inc. IgE, inc. IgA and dec. IgM; thrombocytopenia What immune deficiency does this patient have?
Wiskott=Aldrich syndrome defect in WASP gene on X chromosome-->T cells unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton
43
1 year old boy presents with recurrent bacterial infections. Labs show dec. Ig's.
X-linked agammaglobulinemia defect in BTK (tyrosine kinase)=no B cell maturation -recurrent bacterial infections after 6months of age (after maternal Ig's are gone) -normal Pro-B cells but dec maturation and number of mature B cells -Dec Ig's of all classes
44
Name that congential defect: DiGeorge syndrome
thymic aplasia 22q11 deletion failure to develo 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
45
Name that defect: IL-12 receptor deficiency
dec. Th1 response (IL-12 normally activates Th1 and NK cells)
46
Name that defect: HyperIgE syndrome
Th1 cells fail to produce IFN-gamma (neutrophils fail to respond) -only Th2 cells are making cytokines so you get LOTS of IgE

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